{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398240614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17060223","title":"Inertial Sensors-Based Assessment of Human Breathing Pattern: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Inertial Sensors-Based Assessment of Human Breathing Pattern: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398240614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17060223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17060223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17060223","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/6/223/pdf?version=1716450611","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/6/223/pdf?version=1716450611","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060466218","display_name":"Rodrigo Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-5861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801841909","display_name":"Portuguese Army","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc03t81","country_code":"PT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801841909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, Higher School of Health of the Portuguese Red Cross, 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal","Department of Production and Systems Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of Minho, Azur\u00e9m Campus, 4810-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Higher School of Health of the Portuguese Red Cross, 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801841909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Systems Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of Minho, Azur\u00e9m Campus, 4810-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009873845","display_name":"F\u00e1tima Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-7593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114390","display_name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/020sr6z07","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F\u00e1tima Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Environmental Health, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal","Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Thoracic Department, North Lisbon University Hospital Centre, 1769-001 Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Health, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Thoracic Department, North Lisbon University Hospital Centre, 1769-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057009989","display_name":"Susana Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-8787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Systems Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of Minho, Azur\u00e9m Campus, 4810-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Systems Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of Minho, Azur\u00e9m Campus, 4810-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063536469","display_name":"N\u00e9lson Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-8038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nelson Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Systems Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of Minho, Azur\u00e9m Campus, 4810-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Systems Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, University of Minho, Azur\u00e9m Campus, 4810-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060466218","https://openalex.org/A5063536469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801841909","https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.7246,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66041164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"223","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.5544294714927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.552796483039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.5444605946540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4806177020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-error","display_name":"Systematic error","score":0.4455111622810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.4163145422935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37885692715644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.26655060052871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.20459896326065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15802112221717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13229939341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1027381420135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10113650560379028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.5544294714927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.552796483039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5444605946540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4806177020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100253034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Systematic error","level":2,"score":0.4455111622810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.4163145422935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37885692715644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26655060052871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.20459896326065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15802112221717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13229939341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1027381420135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10113650560379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17060223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17060223","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/6/223/pdf?version=1716450611","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63a42935dfaf4a038163899997ff5285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63a42935dfaf4a038163899997ff5285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 223 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17060223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17060223","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/6/223/pdf?version=1716450611","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2582522631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3272457656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6612104084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022.09627.BD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7949088935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/00319/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398240614.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398240614.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545152016","https://openalex.org/W1601060799","https://openalex.org/W1971070778","https://openalex.org/W2001960771","https://openalex.org/W2007399616","https://openalex.org/W2011049057","https://openalex.org/W2020624939","https://openalex.org/W2043934575","https://openalex.org/W2045628585","https://openalex.org/W2068033279","https://openalex.org/W2073403255","https://openalex.org/W2079283960","https://openalex.org/W2085522395","https://openalex.org/W2092076193","https://openalex.org/W2095443612","https://openalex.org/W2096212303","https://openalex.org/W2125401178","https://openalex.org/W2126695581","https://openalex.org/W2130174624","https://openalex.org/W2131015810","https://openalex.org/W2163187547","https://openalex.org/W2164944490","https://openalex.org/W2281620278","https://openalex.org/W2284913600","https://openalex.org/W2310554390","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2346228996","https://openalex.org/W2398245857","https://openalex.org/W2510142779","https://openalex.org/W2532332073","https://openalex.org/W2540951717","https://openalex.org/W2593595058","https://openalex.org/W2625836555","https://openalex.org/W2734845228","https://openalex.org/W2739371599","https://openalex.org/W2742300594","https://openalex.org/W2754845158","https://openalex.org/W2779096504","https://openalex.org/W2787059544","https://openalex.org/W2810988240","https://openalex.org/W2889198312","https://openalex.org/W2908492678","https://openalex.org/W2913295725","https://openalex.org/W2945488623","https://openalex.org/W2951897779","https://openalex.org/W2995268542","https://openalex.org/W2997099895","https://openalex.org/W3000895385","https://openalex.org/W3006715563","https://openalex.org/W3081874354","https://openalex.org/W3092584997","https://openalex.org/W3093887727","https://openalex.org/W3094217983","https://openalex.org/W3100788345","https://openalex.org/W3105679954","https://openalex.org/W3158202104","https://openalex.org/W3183515536","https://openalex.org/W4232622312","https://openalex.org/W4290052369","https://openalex.org/W4309075469","https://openalex.org/W4312943892","https://openalex.org/W4364302702","https://openalex.org/W4365484973","https://openalex.org/W4367293426","https://openalex.org/W6635918232","https://openalex.org/W6678641644","https://openalex.org/W6678907548","https://openalex.org/W6695788615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091018038","https://openalex.org/W2225378543","https://openalex.org/W9839718","https://openalex.org/W3110613631","https://openalex.org/W4287122200","https://openalex.org/W2040913503","https://openalex.org/W2382856674","https://openalex.org/W2942936396","https://openalex.org/W2049105914","https://openalex.org/W2156547184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breathing":[0],"pattern":[1],"assessment":[2],"holds":[3],"critical":[4],"importance":[5],"in":[6,30,96,111,142,159],"clinical":[7,194],"practice":[8],"for":[9,53,128,163,183],"detecting":[10,112],"respiratory":[11,98,200],"dysfunctions":[12],"and":[13,18,40,50,66,80,88,120,155,178,196],"their":[14],"impact":[15],"on":[16,189],"health":[17,201],"wellbeing.":[19],"This":[20],"systematic":[21,149],"literature":[22,150],"review":[23,151],"investigates":[24],"the":[25,43,47,61,89,126,170],"efficacy":[26],"of":[27,64,72],"inertial":[28,161],"sensors":[29,162],"assessing":[31,164],"adult":[32,165],"human":[33,166],"breathing":[34,113,167],"patterns,":[35],"exploring":[36],"various":[37],"methodologies,":[38],"challenges,":[39,124,154],"limitations.":[41],"Utilizing":[42],"PSALSAR":[44],"framework,":[45],"incorporating":[46],"PICOC":[48],"method":[49],"PRISMA":[51],"statement":[52],"comprehensive":[54],"research,":[55],"22":[56],"publications":[57],"were":[58,83,134],"scrutinized":[59],"from":[60],"Scopus,":[62],"Web":[63],"Science,":[65],"PubMed":[67],"databases.":[68],"A":[69],"diverse":[70,197],"range":[71],"sensor":[73,132,174,191],"fusion":[74],"methods,":[75,153],"data":[76],"signal":[77],"analysis":[78],"techniques,":[79],"classifier":[81],"performances":[82],"investigated.":[84],"Notably,":[85],"Madgwick\u2019s":[86],"algorithm":[87,179],"Principal":[90],"Component":[91],"Analysis":[92],"showed":[93],"superior":[94],"performance":[95],"tracking":[97],"movements.":[99],"Classifiers":[100],"like":[101],"Long":[102],"Short-Term":[103],"Memory":[104],"Recurrent":[105],"Neural":[106],"Networks":[107],"exhibited":[108],"high":[109],"accuracy":[110],"events.":[114],"Motion":[115],"artifacts,":[116,177],"limited":[117],"sample":[118],"sizes,":[119],"physiological":[121],"variability":[122],"posed":[123],"highlighting":[125],"need":[127],"further":[129],"research.":[130],"Optimal":[131],"configurations":[133],"explored,":[135],"suggesting":[136],"improvements":[137],"with":[138],"multiple":[139],"sensors,":[140],"especially":[141],"different":[143],"body":[144],"postures.":[145],"In":[146],"conclusion,":[147],"this":[148],"elucidates":[152],"potential":[156],"future":[157],"developments":[158],"using":[160],"patterns.":[168],"Overcoming":[169],"challenges":[171],"related":[172],"to":[173,193],"placement,":[175],"motion":[176],"development":[180],"is":[181],"essential":[182],"progress.":[184],"Future":[185],"research":[186],"should":[187],"focus":[188],"extending":[190],"applications":[192],"settings":[195],"populations,":[198],"enhancing":[199],"management.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
