{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392096933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030098","title":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization for Sustainable and Lean Production within the Context of Industry 4.0","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization for Sustainable and Lean Production within the Context of Industry 4.0","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392096933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17030098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030098","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/98/pdf?version=1708700379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/98/pdf?version=1708700379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037572749","display_name":"Panagiotis D. Paraschos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis D. Paraschos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022737880","display_name":"Georgios K. Koulinas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgios K. Koulinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091635619","display_name":"Dimitrios E. Koulouriotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-0654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios E. Koulouriotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022737880","https://openalex.org/A5037572749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.7258,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96836009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"98","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.935699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7039337754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.657292902469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.655475378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5505474209785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-manufacturing","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","score":0.5405293107032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.48715636134147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-production","display_name":"Sustainable production","score":0.4612540006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-planning","display_name":"Production planning","score":0.4122258126735687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4063994884490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4000597596168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.32037365436553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.3174872398376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18115583062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.16771021485328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.16583994030952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07279005646705627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7039337754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.657292902469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.655475378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5505474209785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5405293107032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.48715636134147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994087729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7649686","display_name":"Sustainable production","level":3,"score":0.4612540006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777909354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386523","display_name":"Production planning","level":3,"score":0.4122258126735687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4063994884490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4000597596168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.32037365436553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3174872398376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18115583062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16771021485328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16583994030952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07279005646705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17030098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030098","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/98/pdf?version=1708700379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc2b42b60ccc439f99a9eefff85b509a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc2b42b60ccc439f99a9eefff85b509a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 17, Iss 3, p 98 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17030098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030098","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/98/pdf?version=1708700379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392096933.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139671759","https://openalex.org/W1991225319","https://openalex.org/W1992435591","https://openalex.org/W1994535749","https://openalex.org/W1995573957","https://openalex.org/W2014373698","https://openalex.org/W2014729461","https://openalex.org/W2037102895","https://openalex.org/W2041741788","https://openalex.org/W2077342641","https://openalex.org/W2130350310","https://openalex.org/W2553188523","https://openalex.org/W2560799238","https://openalex.org/W2729401371","https://openalex.org/W2743690190","https://openalex.org/W2771783069","https://openalex.org/W2806407311","https://openalex.org/W2888648656","https://openalex.org/W2908815325","https://openalex.org/W2911760269","https://openalex.org/W2919751244","https://openalex.org/W2942711181","https://openalex.org/W2953884995","https://openalex.org/W2963707553","https://openalex.org/W2982372383","https://openalex.org/W2994669006","https://openalex.org/W3043388922","https://openalex.org/W3047847375","https://openalex.org/W3082233933","https://openalex.org/W3101861709","https://openalex.org/W3120238154","https://openalex.org/W3120289735","https://openalex.org/W3160525943","https://openalex.org/W3195604374","https://openalex.org/W3195604846","https://openalex.org/W3196551915","https://openalex.org/W3198777983","https://openalex.org/W3203308398","https://openalex.org/W3207530029","https://openalex.org/W3207598275","https://openalex.org/W3208104554","https://openalex.org/W3209897329","https://openalex.org/W4200018534","https://openalex.org/W4210535795","https://openalex.org/W4210866977","https://openalex.org/W4214671777","https://openalex.org/W4214710754","https://openalex.org/W4220842087","https://openalex.org/W4220966002","https://openalex.org/W4224222793","https://openalex.org/W4229334149","https://openalex.org/W4232632361","https://openalex.org/W4248477360","https://openalex.org/W4281811193","https://openalex.org/W4283785747","https://openalex.org/W4285175581","https://openalex.org/W4292063383","https://openalex.org/W4294204020","https://openalex.org/W4307125514","https://openalex.org/W4308117583","https://openalex.org/W4312201581","https://openalex.org/W4313241426","https://openalex.org/W4366466033","https://openalex.org/W4377141832","https://openalex.org/W4385611204","https://openalex.org/W4390704622","https://openalex.org/W6649278103","https://openalex.org/W6659513358","https://openalex.org/W6660844953","https://openalex.org/W6729964979","https://openalex.org/W6761773405","https://openalex.org/W6765976407","https://openalex.org/W6839020436","https://openalex.org/W6842535578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2086122291","https://openalex.org/W1987513656","https://openalex.org/W2072376847","https://openalex.org/W2089013912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103],"manufacturing":[1,33,50],"industry":[2],"often":[3],"faces":[4],"challenges":[5,22,74],"related":[6],"to":[7,60,70,132],"customer":[8],"satisfaction,":[9],"system":[10,80,188],"degradation,":[11],"product":[12],"sustainability,":[13],"inventory,":[14],"and":[15,27,39,44,52,115,136,148,163,183,190],"operation":[16],"management.":[17],"If":[18],"not":[19],"addressed,":[20],"these":[21],"can":[23],"be":[24],"substantially":[25],"harmful":[26],"costly":[28],"for":[29],"the":[30,54,61,72,82,109,126,138,161,166,175],"sustainability":[31,189],"of":[32,56,84,105,111,140,165],"plants.":[34],"Paradigms,":[35],"e.g.,":[36],"Industry":[37],"4.0":[38],"smart":[40,113],"manufacturing,":[41],"provide":[42],"effective":[43],"innovative":[45],"solutions,":[46],"aiming":[47],"at":[48,64],"managing":[49],"operations,":[51],"controlling":[53],"quality":[55],"completed":[57],"goods":[58],"offered":[59],"customers.":[62],"Aiming":[63],"that":[65,119],"end,":[66],"this":[67,106,128,172],"paper":[68],"endeavors":[69],"mitigate":[71],"described":[73],"in":[75],"a":[76,112,121,155],"multi-stage":[77],"degrading":[78],"manufacturing/remanufacturing":[79],"through":[81],"implementation":[83,107],"an":[85],"intelligent":[86],"machine":[87],"learning-based":[88],"decision-making":[89],"mechanism.":[90,168],"To":[91,152],"carry":[92],"out":[93],"decision-making,":[94],"reinforcement":[95,177],"learning":[96],"is":[97,108,130],"coupled":[98],"with":[99],"lean":[100,114],"green":[101],"manufacturing.":[102],"scope":[104],"creation":[110],"sustainable":[116],"production":[117],"environment":[118],"has":[120],"minimal":[122],"environmental":[123],"impact.":[124],"Considering":[125],"latter,":[127],"effort":[129],"made":[131],"reduce":[133],"material":[134,192],"consumption":[135],"extend":[137],"lifecycle":[139],"manufactured":[141],"products":[142],"using":[143],"pull":[144],"production,":[145],"predictive":[146],"maintenance,":[147],"circular":[149],"economy":[150],"strategies.":[151],"validate":[153],"this,":[154],"well-defined":[156],"experimental":[157],"analysis":[158,173],"meticulously":[159],"investigates":[160],"behavior":[162],"performance":[164],"proposed":[167],"Results":[169],"obtained":[170],"by":[171],"support":[174],"presented":[176],"learning/ad":[178],"hoc":[179],"control":[180],"mechanism\u2019s":[181],"capability":[182],"competence":[184],"achieving":[185],"both":[186],"high":[187],"enhanced":[191],"reuse.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
