{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392004056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030093","title":"What Is a Causal Graph?","display_name":"What Is a Causal Graph?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392004056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17030093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/93/pdf?version=1708507589","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/93/pdf?version=1708507589","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043062426","display_name":"A. P. Dawid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Dawid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-6882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043062426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.5082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61341576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"93","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47531944513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4595460295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2859867513179779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47531944513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4595460295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2859867513179779}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17030093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/93/pdf?version=1708507589","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4eceb9df6b84512af16b4c6dcb5cfb8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4eceb9df6b84512af16b4c6dcb5cfb8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 17, Iss 3, p 93 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17030093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17030093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/3/93/pdf?version=1708507589","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392004056.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30853191","https://openalex.org/W113525123","https://openalex.org/W1539216639","https://openalex.org/W1978108654","https://openalex.org/W2013567125","https://openalex.org/W2022531787","https://openalex.org/W2064790857","https://openalex.org/W2089330921","https://openalex.org/W2110851565","https://openalex.org/W2117675977","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2146050890","https://openalex.org/W2169315100","https://openalex.org/W2542256003","https://openalex.org/W2689275535","https://openalex.org/W2950274231","https://openalex.org/W2952114617","https://openalex.org/W2963542226","https://openalex.org/W3099754219","https://openalex.org/W3124958504","https://openalex.org/W3146851147","https://openalex.org/W3162198151","https://openalex.org/W3213233268","https://openalex.org/W4214848891","https://openalex.org/W4221004880","https://openalex.org/W4226034117","https://openalex.org/W4388323202","https://openalex.org/W6604569386","https://openalex.org/W6677417444","https://openalex.org/W6764014844","https://openalex.org/W6764345243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"surveys":[2],"the":[3,31,44,65],"variety":[4],"of":[5,21,26],"ways":[6],"in":[7,51,62],"which":[8,55],"a":[9,19],"directed":[10],"acyclic":[11],"graph":[12],"(DAG)":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"used":[16],"to":[17,64],"represent":[18],"problem":[20],"probabilistic":[22],"causality.":[23],"For":[24],"each":[25],"these":[27],"ways,":[28],"we":[29],"describe":[30],"relevant":[32],"formal":[33],"or":[34],"informal":[35],"semantics":[36],"governing":[37],"that":[38,43,49],"representation.":[39],"It":[40],"is":[41,48],"suggested":[42],"cleanest":[45],"such":[46],"representation":[47],"embodied":[50],"an":[52],"augmented":[53],"DAG,":[54],"contains":[56],"nodes":[57,67],"for":[58,68],"non-stochastic":[59],"intervention":[60],"indicators":[61],"addition":[63],"usual":[66],"domain":[69],"variables.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}