{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391576021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17020068","title":"A Heterogeneity-Aware Car-Following Model: Based on the XGBoost Method","display_name":"A Heterogeneity-Aware Car-Following Model: Based on the XGBoost Method","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391576021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17020068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17020068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17020068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/2/68/pdf?version=1707118899","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/2/68/pdf?version=1707118899","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101301547","display_name":"Kefei Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114239517","display_name":"Xu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732240","display_name":"Yanbo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046257244","display_name":"Mengkun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5507-5412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengkun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004673608","display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004673608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.6292,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82278812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"68","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.655113697052002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.655113697052002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17020068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17020068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/2/68/pdf?version=1707118899","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8439c7bac110423b8b37fa628e048709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8439c7bac110423b8b37fa628e048709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 68 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17020068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17020068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/2/68/pdf?version=1707118899","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391576021.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560949607","https://openalex.org/W1775105566","https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W1965500412","https://openalex.org/W1970019272","https://openalex.org/W1979690402","https://openalex.org/W1996878604","https://openalex.org/W2028324417","https://openalex.org/W2047688790","https://openalex.org/W2077679034","https://openalex.org/W2098955201","https://openalex.org/W2107285967","https://openalex.org/W2110052353","https://openalex.org/W2125335747","https://openalex.org/W2142879295","https://openalex.org/W2626702320","https://openalex.org/W2734024016","https://openalex.org/W2761464706","https://openalex.org/W2797724744","https://openalex.org/W2797928606","https://openalex.org/W2799900537","https://openalex.org/W2890893392","https://openalex.org/W2906484232","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914874661","https://openalex.org/W2966065399","https://openalex.org/W2991482175","https://openalex.org/W3036048560","https://openalex.org/W3099802519","https://openalex.org/W3105172173","https://openalex.org/W3178242688","https://openalex.org/W4200036122","https://openalex.org/W4229654991","https://openalex.org/W4255854848","https://openalex.org/W4290931322","https://openalex.org/W4382402838","https://openalex.org/W4385597067","https://openalex.org/W4386400738","https://openalex.org/W4386914273","https://openalex.org/W4389285367","https://openalex.org/W4390492466","https://openalex.org/W6657434409","https://openalex.org/W6682613289","https://openalex.org/W6754923662","https://openalex.org/W6766253990","https://openalex.org/W6804225922","https://openalex.org/W7036222620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,26,42,47,55,75,89,97,104,116],"rising":[2],"popularity":[3],"of":[4,28,72,93,107,118],"Advanced":[6],"Driver":[7],"Assistance":[8],"System":[9],"(ADAS),":[10],"there":[11],"is":[12,99],"an":[13],"increasing":[14],"demand":[15],"for":[16],"more":[17],"human-like":[18],"car-following":[19,31,34,38,56,111,123],"performance.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,86],"consider":[25],"role":[27],"heterogeneity":[29,39,79,94,108,120],"in":[30,96],"behavior":[32,112],"within":[33],"modeling.":[35],"We":[36,45],"incorporate":[37],"factors":[40,95,109,121],"into":[41,122],"model":[43,63,76,83,98],"features.":[44],"employ":[46],"eXtreme":[48],"Gradient":[49],"Boosting":[50],"(XGBoost)":[51],"method":[52],"to":[53],"build":[54],"model.":[57],"The":[58,101],"results":[59,102],"show":[60],"that":[61,77,88],"our":[62],"achieves":[64],"optimal":[65],"performance":[66],"with":[67],"a":[68],"mean":[69],"squared":[70],"error":[71],"0.002181,":[73],"surpassing":[74],"disregards":[78],"factors.":[80],"Furthermore,":[81],"utilizing":[82],"importance":[84,91,117],"analysis,":[85],"determined":[87],"cumulative":[90],"score":[92],"0.7262.":[100],"demonstrate":[103],"significant":[105],"impact":[106],"on":[110],"prediction":[113],"and":[114],"highlight":[115],"incorporating":[119],"models.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}