{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390663572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010025","title":"Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Unconstrained Polygonal Fitting of 2D Shapes","display_name":"Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Unconstrained Polygonal Fitting of 2D Shapes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390663572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17010025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/25/pdf?version=1704679322","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/25/pdf?version=1704679322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029737278","display_name":"Costas Panagiotakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3680-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Costas Panagiotakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Science and Technology, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Science and Technology, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029737278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.0526,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7530206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6657917499542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6038476228713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5978550910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5606719851493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.5591959953308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5097038745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.49145257472991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4515485167503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4331378638744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41917794942855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.41309329867362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.405290812253952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3731965124607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2141551971435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09823602437973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.07199370861053467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6657917499542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6038476228713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5978550910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5606719851493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.5591959953308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5097038745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.49145257472991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4515485167503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4331378638744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41917794942855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.41309329867362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.405290812253952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3731965124607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2141551971435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09823602437973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.07199370861053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17010025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/25/pdf?version=1704679322","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22043e8fa990464b9d86ac033dc7bcf2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22043e8fa990464b9d86ac033dc7bcf2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 17, Iss 1, p 25 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/17/1/25/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a17010025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17010025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/25/pdf?version=1704679322","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390663572.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981934656","https://openalex.org/W1987286789","https://openalex.org/W2017428553","https://openalex.org/W2051264744","https://openalex.org/W2058188953","https://openalex.org/W2069560908","https://openalex.org/W2073063744","https://openalex.org/W2100642335","https://openalex.org/W2105026917","https://openalex.org/W2106404777","https://openalex.org/W2118691294","https://openalex.org/W2134967127","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2174349387","https://openalex.org/W3004276184","https://openalex.org/W3019799891","https://openalex.org/W3035288577","https://openalex.org/W3099409464","https://openalex.org/W3135423326","https://openalex.org/W4224300633","https://openalex.org/W4293027896","https://openalex.org/W4319868827","https://openalex.org/W6645943304","https://openalex.org/W6675222945","https://openalex.org/W6676049198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348909947","https://openalex.org/W4292672442","https://openalex.org/W2362101859","https://openalex.org/W2941610985","https://openalex.org/W2791431590","https://openalex.org/W1978900583","https://openalex.org/W2350688482","https://openalex.org/W2053575972","https://openalex.org/W4323256314","https://openalex.org/W2087777635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,191],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,22,34,88,133,139],"general":[6],"version":[7],"of":[8,37,59,66,69,83,90,107,116,128,136,183,214],"polygonal":[9,30,93],"fitting":[10],"problem":[11,86],"called":[12],"Unconstrained":[13],"Polygonal":[14],"Fitting":[15],"(UPF).":[16],"Our":[17],"goal":[18],"is":[19,51,87,145,178],"to":[20,102,147,180,188],"represent":[21],"given":[23,109,123,134],"2D":[24,78,110,186,204],"shape":[25,187],"S":[26,48],"with":[27,33],"an":[28],"N-vertex":[29],"curve":[31,124],"P":[32,50,70,177],"known":[35],"number":[36,135],"vertices,":[38],"so":[39,170],"that":[40,71,171,220],"the":[41,60,64,67,77,84,91,98,105,108,113,117,122,126,129,149,158,166,172,181,184,212,215,226],"Intersection":[42],"over":[43],"Union":[44],"(IoU)":[45],"metric":[46],"between":[47],"and":[49,63,218],"maximized":[52],"without":[53],"any":[54],"assumption":[55],"or":[56],"prior":[57],"knowledge":[58],"object":[61],"structure":[62],"location":[65],"N-vertices":[68],"can":[72],"be":[73],"placed":[74],"anywhere":[75],"in":[76,104,207],"space.":[79],"The":[80,196],"search":[81],"space":[82],"UPF":[85,118],"superset":[89],"classical":[92],"approximation":[94],"(PA)":[95],"problem,":[96],"where":[97],"vertices":[99,137],"are":[100],"constrained":[101],"belong":[103],"boundary":[106],"shape.":[111],"Therefore,":[112],"resulting":[114],"solutions":[115,127,222],"may":[119],"better":[120],"approximate":[121],"than":[125,202],"PA":[130],"problem.":[131],"For":[132],"N,":[138],"Particle":[140],"Swarm":[141],"Optimization":[142],"(PSO)":[143],"method":[144,160],"used":[146],"maximize":[148],"IoU":[150,194],"metric,":[151],"which":[152],"yields":[153],"almost":[154],"optimal":[155],"solutions.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"proposed":[159,216],"has":[161],"also":[162],"been":[163],"implemented":[164],"under":[165],"equal":[167,179],"area":[168,174,182],"principle":[169],"total":[173],"covered":[175],"by":[176],"original":[185],"measure":[189],"how":[190],"constraint":[192],"affects":[193],"metric.":[195],"quantitative":[197],"results":[198],"obtained":[199],"on":[200],"more":[201],"2800":[203],"shapes":[205],"included":[206],"two":[208],"standard":[209],"datasets":[210],"quantify":[211],"performance":[213],"methods":[217],"illustrate":[219],"their":[221],"outperform":[223],"baselines":[224],"from":[225],"literature.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}