{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389954977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010002","title":"Velocity Estimation Using Time-Differenced Carrier Phase and Doppler Shift with Different Grades of Devices: From Smartphones to Professional Receivers","display_name":"Velocity Estimation Using Time-Differenced Carrier Phase and Doppler Shift with Different Grades of Devices: From Smartphones to Professional Receivers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389954977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/2/pdf?version=1702987700","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/2/pdf?version=1702987700","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068123873","display_name":"Antonio Angrisano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-7063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Angrisano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Messina University, 98122 Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Messina University, 98122 Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071845663","display_name":"Giovanni Cappello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Cappello","raw_affiliation_strings":["International PhD Programme, UNESCO Chair \u201cEnvironment, Resources and Sustainable Development\u201d, Department of Science and Technology Parthenope, University of Naples, 80143 Napoli, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International PhD Programme, UNESCO Chair \u201cEnvironment, Resources and Sustainable Development\u201d, Department of Science and Technology Parthenope, University of Naples, 80143 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091225035","display_name":"Salvatore Gaglione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0860-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Gaglione","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science and Technology Parthenope, University of Naples, 80143 Napoli, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0860-2826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science and Technology Parthenope, University of Naples, 80143 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066616626","display_name":"Ciro Gioia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-9240"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciro Gioia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, 21020 Brebbia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-9240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, 21020 Brebbia, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071845663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.1846,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91581188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8856076002120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7395012378692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.6914920806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodetic-datum","display_name":"Geodetic datum","score":0.5097751021385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5054843425750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42293936014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.40640613436698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37929174304008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32410815358161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29625266790390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.2518019676208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12927952408790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10310983657836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10166779160499573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8856076002120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7395012378692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.6914920806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58754882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502887","display_name":"Geodetic datum","level":2,"score":0.5097751021385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5054843425750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42293936014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.40640613436698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37929174304008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32410815358161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29625266790390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.2518019676208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12927952408790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10310983657836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10166779160499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/2/pdf?version=1702987700","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07bc27c6c5464095a8d39366c9224323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07bc27c6c5464095a8d39366c9224323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 17, Iss 1, p 2 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniparthenope.it:11367/157798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11367/157798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196432","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","host_organization_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a17010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a17010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/1/2/pdf?version=1702987700","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389954977.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988549332","https://openalex.org/W2028303631","https://openalex.org/W2043888421","https://openalex.org/W2048793718","https://openalex.org/W2090914023","https://openalex.org/W2113417716","https://openalex.org/W2151055632","https://openalex.org/W2162513948","https://openalex.org/W2166513078","https://openalex.org/W2298196161","https://openalex.org/W2340917364","https://openalex.org/W2523772512","https://openalex.org/W2583336175","https://openalex.org/W2601006290","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2910587791","https://openalex.org/W3015045242","https://openalex.org/W3035694160","https://openalex.org/W3119356548","https://openalex.org/W3138096321","https://openalex.org/W3198915495","https://openalex.org/W4206878426","https://openalex.org/W4223551149","https://openalex.org/W4306721389","https://openalex.org/W4308475808","https://openalex.org/W4323315549","https://openalex.org/W4375866023","https://openalex.org/W4385455359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2412470376","https://openalex.org/W2964093098","https://openalex.org/W2963447316","https://openalex.org/W4313437384","https://openalex.org/W2062843243","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W2369439249","https://openalex.org/W3020980379","https://openalex.org/W2349272851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Velocity":[0],"estimation":[1,12],"has":[2],"a":[3,24,58,69,81,117,121,125,130,218],"key":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,13,16,52,182,196],"several":[7],"applications;":[8],"for":[9,228],"instance,":[10],"velocity":[11,40,62,74],"navigation":[14],"or":[15],"mobile":[17],"mapping":[18],"systems":[19],"and":[20,30,48,97,124,172,206],"GNSSs":[21,178],"is":[22,91],"currently":[23],"common":[25],"way":[26],"to":[27,38,67,79,94,163,184,221],"achieve":[28],"reliable":[29],"accurate":[31,142],"velocity.":[32],"Two":[33],"approaches":[34,108],"are":[35,109,137,179],"mainly":[36],"used":[37],"obtain":[39],"based":[41],"on":[42,129],"GNSS":[43,126,156],"measurements,":[44,223],"i.e.,":[45],"Doppler":[46],"observations":[47],"carrier":[49],"phases":[50],"differenced":[51],"time":[53],"(that":[54],"is,":[55],"TDCP).":[56],"In":[57,102],"benign":[59],"environment,":[60],"Doppler-based":[61],"can":[63,75,158],"be":[64,76,159],"estimated":[65,77],"accurately":[66,78],"within":[68,80],"few":[70,82],"cm/s,":[71],"while":[72,144],"TDCP-based":[73],"mm/s.":[83],"On":[84],"the":[85,88,98,105,145,164,169,186,189,200,210,214,222],"other":[86],"hand,":[87],"TDCP":[89],"technique":[90],"more":[92],"prone":[93],"availability":[95],"shortage":[96],"presence":[99],"of":[100,114,134,154,188,216],"blunders.":[101,176],"this":[103,197],"work,":[104],"two":[106,147],"mentioned":[107],"tested,":[110],"using":[111],"three":[112],"devices":[113],"different":[115],"grades:":[116],"high-grade":[118],"geodetic":[119,135],"receiver,":[120,123],"high-sensitivity":[122],"chip":[127],"mounted":[128],"smartphone.":[131],"The":[132,152,177,192],"measurements":[133,170],"receivers":[136,148],"inherently":[138],"cleaner,":[139],"providing":[140],"an":[141],"solution,":[143],"remaining":[146],"provide":[149],"worse":[150],"results.":[151],"case":[153],"smartphone":[155],"chips":[157],"particularly":[160],"critical":[161],"owing":[162],"equipped":[165],"antenna,":[166],"which":[167],"makes":[168],"noisy":[171],"largely":[173],"affected":[174],"by":[175],"considered":[180],"separately":[181],"order":[183],"assess":[185],"performance":[187],"single":[190],"systems.":[191],"analysis":[193],"carried":[194],"out":[195],"research":[198],"confirms":[199],"previous":[201],"considerations":[202],"about":[203],"receiver":[204],"grades":[205],"processing":[207],"techniques.":[208],"Additionally,":[209],"obtained":[211],"results":[212],"highlight":[213],"necessity":[215],"adopting":[217],"diagnostic":[219],"approach":[220],"such":[224],"as":[225],"RAIM-FDE,":[226],"especially":[227],"low-grade":[229],"receivers.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
