{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387571709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100477","title":"eNightTrack: Restraint-Free Depth-Camera-Based Surveillance and Alarm System for Fall Prevention Using Deep Learning Tracking","display_name":"eNightTrack: Restraint-Free Depth-Camera-Based Surveillance and Alarm System for Fall Prevention Using Deep Learning Tracking","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387571709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16100477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100477","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/477/pdf?version=1697095119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/477/pdf?version=1697095119","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010270380","display_name":"Ye-Jiao Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye-Jiao Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-3303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048977726","display_name":"Andy Yiu-Chau Tam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-8177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Yiu-Chau Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-8177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068317786","display_name":"Queenie Tsung Kwan Shea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-7047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Queenie Tsung-Kwan Shea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","Division of Medical Physics, Medical Innovation and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Hong Kong 999077, China","Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-7047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Physics, Medical Innovation and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673553","display_name":"Yong\u2010Ping Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Ping Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-9226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047913546","display_name":"James Chung\u2010Wai Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-0569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Chung-Wai Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-0569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047913546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.6511,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83723256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"477","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12462","display_name":"Elder Abuse and Neglect","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6940121054649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.6499916315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5576497912406921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5404897332191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4839323163032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4801742136478424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4787423014640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4723288416862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4616260826587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36236876249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3441545367240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11725705862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10365879535675049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6940121054649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.6499916315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5576497912406921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5404897332191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4839323163032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4801742136478424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4787423014640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4723288416862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4616260826587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36236876249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3441545367240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11725705862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10365879535675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16100477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100477","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/477/pdf?version=1697095119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/106188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/106188","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/106188/1/algorithms-16-00477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5770cd311455447b9e8d8eae91632707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5770cd311455447b9e8d8eae91632707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 477 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16100477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100477","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/477/pdf?version=1697095119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387571709.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1860353531","https://openalex.org/W1911839968","https://openalex.org/W2012393351","https://openalex.org/W2024187599","https://openalex.org/W2042516670","https://openalex.org/W2056965603","https://openalex.org/W2071109467","https://openalex.org/W2072047755","https://openalex.org/W2077953127","https://openalex.org/W2081790059","https://openalex.org/W2084020368","https://openalex.org/W2122701482","https://openalex.org/W2154068585","https://openalex.org/W2156719452","https://openalex.org/W2167618399","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2745634589","https://openalex.org/W2866109483","https://openalex.org/W2887213393","https://openalex.org/W2898658045","https://openalex.org/W2899161091","https://openalex.org/W2899234951","https://openalex.org/W2918685435","https://openalex.org/W2944017438","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964839244","https://openalex.org/W2968085299","https://openalex.org/W2987432907","https://openalex.org/W2996695408","https://openalex.org/W2996789024","https://openalex.org/W3004752036","https://openalex.org/W3024512608","https://openalex.org/W3083719185","https://openalex.org/W3105077954","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3121816566","https://openalex.org/W3126426351","https://openalex.org/W3195191735","https://openalex.org/W3196495614","https://openalex.org/W4205355808","https://openalex.org/W4213067501","https://openalex.org/W4226310142","https://openalex.org/W4286904999","https://openalex.org/W4296280690","https://openalex.org/W4304776916","https://openalex.org/W4306743325","https://openalex.org/W4308502896","https://openalex.org/W4310213251","https://openalex.org/W4312117089","https://openalex.org/W4312645466","https://openalex.org/W4317524344","https://openalex.org/W4317936120","https://openalex.org/W4319866011","https://openalex.org/W4321597212","https://openalex.org/W4385143585","https://openalex.org/W4387092514","https://openalex.org/W6653977866","https://openalex.org/W6803003410","https://openalex.org/W6846435541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584123598","https://openalex.org/W2731305060","https://openalex.org/W2732807254","https://openalex.org/W2372003537","https://openalex.org/W2587670262","https://openalex.org/W3091941553","https://openalex.org/W3037375888","https://openalex.org/W2366730739","https://openalex.org/W3037303542","https://openalex.org/W4315434538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Falls":[0],"are":[1,12],"a":[2,64,73,91,123],"major":[3],"problem":[4],"in":[5,18,23,149,162],"hospitals,":[6],"and":[7,20,32,42,80,97,117],"physical":[8,31],"or":[9],"chemical":[10,33],"restraints":[11,34],"commonly":[13],"used":[14],"to":[15,39,62,78,140,165,173],"\u201cprotect\u201d":[16],"patients":[17,27],"hospitals":[19],"service":[21],"users":[22],"hostels,":[24],"especially":[25],"elderly":[26],"with":[28,44,90,106,112,127],"dementia.":[29],"However,":[30],"may":[35],"be":[36],"unethical,":[37],"detrimental":[38],"mental":[40],"health":[41],"associated":[43],"negative":[45],"side":[46],"effects.":[47],"Building":[48],"upon":[49],"our":[50],"previous":[51],"development":[52],"of":[53,93,99,125,132,143],"the":[54,141,150],"wandering":[55],"behavior":[56],"monitoring":[57],"system":[58,86,121,137],"\u201ceNightLog\u201d,":[59],"we":[60],"aimed":[61],"develop":[63],"non-contract":[65],"restraint-free":[66],"multi-depth":[67],"camera":[68],"system,":[69],"\u201ceNightTrack\u201d,":[70],"by":[71],"incorporating":[72],"deep":[74],"learning":[75],"tracking":[76,111],"algorithm":[77],"identify":[79],"notify":[81],"about":[82],"fall":[83],"risks.":[84],"Our":[85,120],"evaluated":[87],"20":[88],"scenarios,":[89],"total":[92],"307":[94],"video":[95],"fragments,":[96],"consisted":[98],"four":[100],"steps:":[101],"data":[102],"preparation,":[103],"instance":[104],"segmentation":[105],"customized":[107],"YOLOv8":[108],"model,":[109],"head":[110],"MOT":[113],"(Multi-Object":[114],"Tracking)":[115],"techniques,":[116],"alarm":[118],"identification.":[119],"demonstrated":[122],"sensitivity":[124],"96.8%":[126],"5":[128],"missed":[129],"warnings":[130],"out":[131],"154":[133],"cases.":[134],"The":[135],"eNightTrack":[136],"was":[138],"robust":[139],"interference":[142],"medical":[144],"staff":[145],"conducting":[146],"clinical":[147],"care":[148],"region,":[151],"as":[152,154],"well":[153],"different":[155],"bed":[156],"heights.":[157],"Future":[158],"research":[159],"should":[160],"take":[161],"more":[163],"information":[164],"improve":[166],"accuracy":[167],"while":[168],"ensuring":[169],"lower":[170],"computational":[171],"costs":[172],"enable":[174],"real-time":[175],"applications.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}