{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385636399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080380","title":"Design Optimization of Truss Structures Using a Graph Neural Network-Based Surrogate Model","display_name":"Design Optimization of Truss Structures Using a Graph Neural Network-Based Surrogate Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385636399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16080380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/380/pdf?version=1691399348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/380/pdf?version=1691399348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084312616","display_name":"Navid Nourian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid Nourian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048937446","display_name":"Mamdouh El\u2010Badry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-4130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mamdouh El-Badry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061929581","display_name":"Maziar Jamshidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maziar Jamshidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048937446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.1229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96306956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"380","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truss","display_name":"Truss","score":0.9630330801010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.608906626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49507084488868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4919407069683075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.48619741201400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4712018668651581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-model","display_name":"Surrogate model","score":0.4707273542881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41585299372673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3690108060836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.368678480386734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21595600247383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16655027866363525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173534245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328068","display_name":"Truss","level":2,"score":0.9630330801010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.608906626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49507084488868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4919407069683075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.48619741201400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4712018668651581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131675550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646884","display_name":"Surrogate model","level":2,"score":0.4707273542881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41585299372673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3690108060836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.368678480386734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21595600247383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16655027866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16080380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/380/pdf?version=1691399348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:373dc165d1fd4fa7b40ba5692a5b4c76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/373dc165d1fd4fa7b40ba5692a5b4c76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 380 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/16/8/380/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16080380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 16; Issue 8; Pages: 380","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16080380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/380/pdf?version=1691399348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7312028560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"04683-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333621","display_name":"Alberta Motor Association Foundation for Traffic Safety","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385636399.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1703327592","https://openalex.org/W1966353228","https://openalex.org/W1996165876","https://openalex.org/W1998519521","https://openalex.org/W2006061810","https://openalex.org/W2007357498","https://openalex.org/W2008166887","https://openalex.org/W2040794831","https://openalex.org/W2040877819","https://openalex.org/W2047185972","https://openalex.org/W2050927287","https://openalex.org/W2079554732","https://openalex.org/W2081652640","https://openalex.org/W2123802995","https://openalex.org/W2131613989","https://openalex.org/W2173027866","https://openalex.org/W2289318735","https://openalex.org/W2298577447","https://openalex.org/W2511498629","https://openalex.org/W2552391307","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2606202972","https://openalex.org/W2729750142","https://openalex.org/W2766856748","https://openalex.org/W2766966300","https://openalex.org/W2769044287","https://openalex.org/W2803594690","https://openalex.org/W2807042118","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2963406064","https://openalex.org/W2985331920","https://openalex.org/W2995530868","https://openalex.org/W3011667710","https://openalex.org/W3025017190","https://openalex.org/W3036016037","https://openalex.org/W3037248574","https://openalex.org/W3082366755","https://openalex.org/W3093895805","https://openalex.org/W3102239213","https://openalex.org/W3106023117","https://openalex.org/W3106486741","https://openalex.org/W3109666523","https://openalex.org/W3111271367","https://openalex.org/W3130680004","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3166242105","https://openalex.org/W3176094907","https://openalex.org/W3210847533","https://openalex.org/W4287780403","https://openalex.org/W4311711029","https://openalex.org/W6630044934","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6680641092","https://openalex.org/W6682642761","https://openalex.org/W6684237752","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6697138687","https://openalex.org/W6725127647","https://openalex.org/W6771803808","https://openalex.org/W6777331262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955404263","https://openalex.org/W2055188469","https://openalex.org/W2365888646","https://openalex.org/W4238655142","https://openalex.org/W2914493398","https://openalex.org/W2741416590","https://openalex.org/W2729632630","https://openalex.org/W2741963359","https://openalex.org/W2002630260","https://openalex.org/W933396280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,5,21,36,57,82,103,115,120,135,148,154,176],"the":[2,13,18,22,55,80,106,113,116,121,136,174,177,183,200],"primary":[3],"objectives":[4],"truss":[6,23,59,122,156,197,203],"structure":[7],"design":[8,107,152],"optimization":[9,108,138,153],"is":[10,76],"to":[11,44,78,99],"minimize":[12],"total":[14],"weight":[15],"by":[16,40,142],"determining":[17],"optimal":[19,117,184],"sizes":[20],"members":[24,62,123],"while":[25],"ensuring":[26],"structural":[27],"stability":[28],"and":[29,46,61,66,85,133,166,189],"integrity":[30],"against":[31],"external":[32],"loads.":[33],"Trusses":[34],"consist":[35],"pin":[37],"joints":[38,60],"connected":[39],"straight":[41],"members,":[42],"analogous":[43],"vertices":[45,65],"edges":[47],"in":[48],"a":[49,71,87,93,149,158,162,167,191],"mathematical":[50],"graph.":[51],"This":[52,110],"characteristic":[53],"motivates":[54],"idea":[56],"representing":[58],"as":[63],"graph":[64,83],"edges.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"study,":[70],"Graph":[72],"Neural":[73],"Network":[74],"(GNN)":[75],"employed":[77],"exploit":[79],"benefits":[81],"representation":[84],"develop":[86],"GNN-based":[88,137,178],"surrogate":[89],"model":[90,128],"integrated":[91],"with":[92,124,146],"Particle":[94],"Swarm":[95],"Optimization":[96],"(PSO)":[97],"algorithm":[98],"approximate":[100],"nodal":[101],"displacements":[102],"trusses":[104],"during":[105],"process.":[109],"approach":[111],"enables":[112],"determination":[114],"cross-sectional":[118],"areas":[119],"fewer":[125],"finite":[126],"element":[127],"(FEM)":[129],"analyses.":[130],"The":[131,171],"validity":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"technique":[139],"are":[140],"assessed":[141],"comparing":[143],"its":[144],"results":[145,172],"those":[147],"conventional":[150],"FEM-based":[151],"three":[155],"structures:":[157],"10-bar":[159],"planar":[160,169,202],"truss,":[161,165],"72-bar":[163],"space":[164],"200-bar":[168,201],"truss.":[170],"demonstrate":[173],"superiority":[175],"optimization,":[179],"which":[180],"can":[181],"achieve":[182],"solutions":[185],"without":[186],"violating":[187],"constraints":[188],"at":[190],"faster":[192],"rate,":[193],"particularly":[194],"for":[195],"complex":[196],"structures":[198],"like":[199],"problem.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
