{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385602753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080375","title":"Ascertaining the Ideality of Photometric Stereo Datasets under Unknown Lighting","display_name":"Ascertaining the Ideality of Photometric Stereo Datasets under Unknown Lighting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385602753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16080375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/375/pdf?version=1691222175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/375/pdf?version=1691222175","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092543509","display_name":"Elisa Crabu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Crabu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082436423","display_name":"Federica Pes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-7876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Pes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068794378","display_name":"G. Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-8712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104033741","display_name":"Giuseppa Tanda","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppa Tanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeSim\u2014Centro Studi \u201cIdentit\u00e0 e Memoria\u201d, 07100 Sassari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeSim\u2014Centro Studi \u201cIdentit\u00e0 e Memoria\u201d, 07100 Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068794378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.9549,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93604562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"375","last_page":"375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.7702182531356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.7343417406082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7321261763572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6638091802597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6233522295951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6069753766059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5324806571006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflector","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","score":0.4968893826007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4535161554813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-source","display_name":"Light source","score":0.36564069986343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34851932525634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3006986379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2020760476589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.19740790128707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1719542145729065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.7702182531356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7343417406082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7321261763572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6638091802597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6233522295951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6069753766059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5324806571006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.4968893826007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4535161554813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.36564069986343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34851932525634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3006986379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2020760476589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.19740790128707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1719542145729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16080375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/375/pdf?version=1691222175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d72c343e991f469bb63e11cdccafcaaf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d72c343e991f469bb63e11cdccafcaaf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 375 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/375003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11584/375003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/16/8/375/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16080375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 16; Issue 8; Pages: 375","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16080375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16080375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/8/375/pdf?version=1691222175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5456286744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E53C22001930001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311030","funder_display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica \"Francesco Severi\""},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6830451426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F73C22001140007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309718","funder_display_name":"Fondazione Banco di Sardegna"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309718","display_name":"Fondazione Banco di Sardegna","ror":"https://ror.org/02sryfh37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311030","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica \"Francesco Severi\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx64p53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315324","display_name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","ror":"https://ror.org/02sryfh37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334079","display_name":"Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385602753.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608302777","https://openalex.org/W1487520337","https://openalex.org/W1539790409","https://openalex.org/W1971668010","https://openalex.org/W1975089519","https://openalex.org/W1977037410","https://openalex.org/W1978356057","https://openalex.org/W1989040505","https://openalex.org/W2003662533","https://openalex.org/W2033664843","https://openalex.org/W2066085919","https://openalex.org/W2099734199","https://openalex.org/W2118304946","https://openalex.org/W2162137382","https://openalex.org/W2254591945","https://openalex.org/W2474450142","https://openalex.org/W2754836122","https://openalex.org/W2795234795","https://openalex.org/W2808121666","https://openalex.org/W2889843833","https://openalex.org/W2963739397","https://openalex.org/W3041724022","https://openalex.org/W3048528006","https://openalex.org/W4297239163","https://openalex.org/W4302564868","https://openalex.org/W4303199625","https://openalex.org/W4312303364","https://openalex.org/W4312531067","https://openalex.org/W4385435479","https://openalex.org/W6643203081","https://openalex.org/W6922367445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071501285","https://openalex.org/W2118082161","https://openalex.org/W1992667393","https://openalex.org/W2116599779","https://openalex.org/W171942161","https://openalex.org/W2184876488","https://openalex.org/W2051850933","https://openalex.org/W1563894583","https://openalex.org/W2403238730","https://openalex.org/W1510622608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"standard":[1],"photometric":[2],"stereo":[3],"model":[4],"makes":[5],"several":[6],"assumptions":[7],"that":[8],"are":[9],"rarely":[10],"verified":[11],"in":[12,67,118],"experimental":[13],"datasets.":[14],"In":[15,166],"particular,":[16],"the":[17,27,54,58,62,92,140,164],"observed":[18,141],"object":[19],"should":[20,30,158],"behave":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,40,74,105,112,133,136,150],"Lambertian":[24],"reflector,":[25],"and":[26,61,155,177],"light":[28,59],"sources":[29],"be":[31,159],"positioned":[32],"at":[33,135],"an":[34,50],"infinite":[35],"distance":[36,138],"from":[37,82,97,111,139],"it,":[38],"along":[39],"known":[41],"direction.":[42],"Even":[43],"when":[44,89],"Lambert\u2019s":[45],"law":[46],"is":[47,64,73,100,129,144,153],"approximately":[48],"fulfilled,":[49],"accurate":[51],"assessment":[52],"of":[53,91,124],"relative":[55],"position":[56,132],"between":[57],"source":[60],"target":[63],"often":[65],"unavailable":[66],"real":[68],"situations.":[69],"Hayakawa":[71],"procedure":[72],"computational":[75],"method":[76],"for":[77],"estimating":[78],"such":[79],"information":[80],"directly":[81],"data":[83],"images.":[84],"It":[85,143],"occasionally":[86],"breaks":[87],"down":[88],"some":[90,171],"available":[93],"images":[94,157],"excessively":[95],"deviate":[96],"ideality.":[98],"This":[99],"generally":[101],"due":[102],"to":[103,131,147,161,173],"observing":[104],"non-Lambertian":[106],"surface,":[107],"or":[108,115],"illuminating":[109],"it":[110,128],"close":[113],"distance,":[114],"both.":[116],"Indeed,":[117],"narrow":[119],"shooting":[120],"scenarios,":[121],"typical,":[122],"e.g.,":[123],"archaeological":[125],"excavation":[126],"sites,":[127],"impossible":[130],"flashlight":[134],"sufficient":[137],"surface.":[142],"then":[145],"necessary":[146],"understand":[148],"if":[149],"given":[151],"dataset":[152],"reliable":[154],"which":[156],"selected":[160],"better":[162],"reconstruct":[163],"target.":[165],"this":[167,175],"paper,":[168],"we":[169],"propose":[170],"algorithms":[172],"perform":[174],"task":[176],"explore":[178],"their":[179],"effectiveness.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-25T23:04:38.658462","created_date":"2023-08-05T00:00:00"}
