{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376875177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16050255","title":"Neural Network Entropy (NNetEn): Entropy-Based EEG Signal and Chaotic Time Series Classification, Python Package for NNetEn Calculation","display_name":"Neural Network Entropy (NNetEn): Entropy-Based EEG Signal and Chaotic Time Series Classification, Python Package for NNetEn Calculation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376875177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16050255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16050255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16050255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/5/255/pdf?version=1684751497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/5/255/pdf?version=1684751497","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010613967","display_name":"Andrei Velichko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-1831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197524780","display_name":"Petrozavodsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0176aa147","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197524780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097896","display_name":"Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0vxx91","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210097085","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Velichko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197524780","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015748731","display_name":"Maksim Belyaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-6502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197524780","display_name":"Petrozavodsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0176aa147","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197524780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097896","display_name":"Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0vxx91","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210097085","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maksim Belyaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197524780","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059709967","display_name":"Yuriy Izotov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197524780","display_name":"Petrozavodsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0176aa147","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197524780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097896","display_name":"Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0vxx91","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210097085","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuriy Izotov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197524780","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083119779","display_name":"M. Murugappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-4589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111408","display_name":"Kuwait College of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjvsj67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138876546","display_name":"Vels University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tscx035","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138876546"]}],"countries":["IN","KW","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murugappan Murugappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems (CoEUAS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Vels Institute of Sciences, Technology, and Advanced Studies, Chennai 600117, India","Intelligent Signal Processing (ISP) Research Lab, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Block 4, Doha 13133, Kuwait"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems (CoEUAS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Vels Institute of Sciences, Technology, and Advanced Studies, Chennai 600117, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138876546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Signal Processing (ISP) Research Lab, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Block 4, Doha 13133, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061091416","display_name":"Hanif Heidari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-3295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192805215","display_name":"Damghan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4m1x12","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192805215"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanif Heidari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192805215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010613967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197524780","https://openalex.org/I4210097896"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.5261,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89332458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"255","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.7809337377548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-entropy","display_name":"Approximate entropy","score":0.6973032355308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5973510146141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5779325366020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5701709985733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5659906268119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-entropy","display_name":"Sample entropy","score":0.5330051183700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47264307737350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4558412730693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-entropy-function","display_name":"Binary entropy function","score":0.44165468215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4318186342716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42874181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37867289781570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.32946884632110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2832564115524292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.7809337377548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86859247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781760","display_name":"Approximate entropy","level":3,"score":0.6973032355308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5973510146141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5779325366020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5701709985733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5659906268119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.5330051183700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47264307737350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4558412730693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44415725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913893","display_name":"Binary entropy function","level":3,"score":0.44165468215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4318186342716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42874181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37867289781570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.32946884632110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2832564115524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16050255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16050255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/5/255/pdf?version=1684751497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc2e7b315f3241a68697b869e7e45c22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc2e7b315f3241a68697b869e7e45c22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 255 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/16/5/255/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16050255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 16; Issue 5; Pages: 255","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16050255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16050255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/5/255/pdf?version=1684751497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6983431617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22-11-00055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","display_name":"Russian Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2gwe85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376875177.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1259078","https://openalex.org/W1980380754","https://openalex.org/W1985682826","https://openalex.org/W2022856590","https://openalex.org/W2036748556","https://openalex.org/W2066702759","https://openalex.org/W2070051876","https://openalex.org/W2080420136","https://openalex.org/W2095738857","https://openalex.org/W2157881370","https://openalex.org/W2267653472","https://openalex.org/W2268081716","https://openalex.org/W2461134574","https://openalex.org/W2587601368","https://openalex.org/W2587634198","https://openalex.org/W2754352906","https://openalex.org/W2771248138","https://openalex.org/W2781689248","https://openalex.org/W2805093766","https://openalex.org/W2937178896","https://openalex.org/W2945233164","https://openalex.org/W2957783787","https://openalex.org/W2977575336","https://openalex.org/W3004161400","https://openalex.org/W3025430122","https://openalex.org/W3034173130","https://openalex.org/W3038276942","https://openalex.org/W3082991148","https://openalex.org/W3098528925","https://openalex.org/W3120424088","https://openalex.org/W3126894561","https://openalex.org/W3144177084","https://openalex.org/W3189791507","https://openalex.org/W3198564313","https://openalex.org/W3203469066","https://openalex.org/W3210357390","https://openalex.org/W3210468366","https://openalex.org/W3215152455","https://openalex.org/W4225262582","https://openalex.org/W4225665623","https://openalex.org/W4238451505","https://openalex.org/W4281767573","https://openalex.org/W4283578488","https://openalex.org/W4293701931","https://openalex.org/W4309786508","https://openalex.org/W4320035856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093589470","https://openalex.org/W2415751681","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W2889925888","https://openalex.org/W3121271574","https://openalex.org/W4205160129","https://openalex.org/W2084594947","https://openalex.org/W2890995276","https://openalex.org/W4381804751","https://openalex.org/W2076258781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Entropy":[0,48],"measures":[1,192],"are":[2,33],"effective":[3,24],"features":[4],"for":[5,22,162],"time":[6,27,65,81,118,130],"series":[7,66,82,119,131],"classification":[8,54,100,156,161,186],"problems.":[9,157],"Traditional":[10],"entropy":[11,30,62,191],"measures,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"Shannon":[15],"entropy,":[16],"use":[17],"probability":[18,93],"distribution":[19,94],"function.":[20],"However,":[21],"the":[23,37,41,53,61,64,69,72,77,139,143,152,171,175,181,194,201],"separation":[25,114],"of":[26,40,45,55,63,71,80,109,115,120,145,151,174,184,200],"series,":[28],"new":[29,99],"estimation":[31],"methods":[32],"required":[34],"to":[35,60],"characterize":[36],"chaotic":[38,78,117],"dynamic":[39,129],"system.":[42],"Our":[43,178],"concept":[44,196],"Neural":[46],"Network":[47],"(NNetEn)":[49],"is":[50,111,205],"based":[51],"on":[52,113],"special":[56],"datasets":[57],"in":[58,68,83,155,203],"relation":[59],"recorded":[67],"reservoir":[70],"neural":[73],"network.":[74],"NNetEn":[75,110,176,195],"estimates":[76],"dynamics":[79],"an":[84],"original":[85],"way":[86],"and":[87,104,135,147,165,193],"does":[88],"not":[89],"take":[90],"into":[91],"account":[92],"functions.":[95],"We":[96],"propose":[97],"two":[98,116,127],"metrics:":[101],"R2":[102],"Efficiency":[103],"Pearson":[105],"Efficiency.":[106],"The":[107,158],"efficiency":[108,150],"verified":[112],"sine":[121],"mapping":[122],"using":[123],"dispersion":[124],"analysis.":[125],"For":[126],"close":[128],"(r":[132],"=":[133,137],"1.1918":[134],"r":[136],"1.2243),":[138],"F-ratio":[140],"has":[141],"reached":[142],"value":[144],"124":[146],"reflects":[148],"high":[149],"introduced":[153],"method":[154],"electroencephalography":[159],"signal":[160],"healthy":[163],"persons":[164],"patients":[166],"with":[167],"Alzheimer":[168],"disease":[169],"illustrates":[170],"practical":[172],"application":[173],"features.":[177],"computations":[179],"demonstrate":[180],"synergistic":[182],"effect":[183],"increasing":[185],"accuracy":[187],"when":[188],"applying":[189],"traditional":[190],"conjointly.":[197],"An":[198],"implementation":[199],"algorithms":[202],"Python":[204],"presented.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2023-05-18T00:00:00"}