{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307265270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15110393","title":"Lithium-Ion Battery Prognostics through Reinforcement Learning Based on Entropy Measures","display_name":"Lithium-Ion Battery Prognostics through Reinforcement Learning Based on Entropy Measures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307265270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15110393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15110393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15110393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/11/393/pdf?version=1667284481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/11/393/pdf?version=1667284481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010860229","display_name":"Alireza Namdari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19833938","display_name":"Western New England University","ror":"https://ror.org/007cnf143","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19833938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Namdari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19833938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086376385","display_name":"Maryam Asad Samani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Asad Samani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010254431","display_name":"T.S. Durrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8813-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tariq S. Durrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010254431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.6584,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89892985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"393","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostics","display_name":"Prognostics","score":0.9616236686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6773275136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-health","display_name":"State of health","score":0.6750244498252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6305825114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6015135645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4775865077972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.461657851934433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2758534252643585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21512341499328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.201826274394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08902233839035034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129364497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042561","display_name":"Prognostics","level":2,"score":0.9616236686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6773275136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777294910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4050070","display_name":"State of health","level":4,"score":0.6750244498252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6305825114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6015135645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4775865077972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.461657851934433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2758534252643585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21512341499328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.201826274394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08902233839035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15110393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15110393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/11/393/pdf?version=1667284481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:82915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/20540.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/82915/7/Namdari-etal-Algorithms-2022-Lithium-ion-battery-prognostics-through-reinforcement-learning.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0be8dc1635c541ed9c1d4a98067efe13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0be8dc1635c541ed9c1d4a98067efe13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 393 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/11/393/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15110393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 11; Pages: 393","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15110393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15110393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/11/393/pdf?version=1667284481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307265270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307265270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41581459","https://openalex.org/W1976081287","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2078279667","https://openalex.org/W2219501311","https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2295405103","https://openalex.org/W2405191498","https://openalex.org/W2507528849","https://openalex.org/W2790625295","https://openalex.org/W2795701208","https://openalex.org/W2907460853","https://openalex.org/W2911341021","https://openalex.org/W2949687910","https://openalex.org/W2962135525","https://openalex.org/W2969495951","https://openalex.org/W3000815944","https://openalex.org/W3013372615","https://openalex.org/W3046667168","https://openalex.org/W3093463859","https://openalex.org/W3122086316","https://openalex.org/W3130583066","https://openalex.org/W3132334430","https://openalex.org/W3135200607","https://openalex.org/W3135455637","https://openalex.org/W3139229061","https://openalex.org/W3152192969","https://openalex.org/W3186137768","https://openalex.org/W3187996717","https://openalex.org/W4213113494","https://openalex.org/W4213350709","https://openalex.org/W4254342412","https://openalex.org/W6697062357","https://openalex.org/W6792258450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557573737","https://openalex.org/W2383842997","https://openalex.org/W2143585755","https://openalex.org/W3202873688","https://openalex.org/W4283021103","https://openalex.org/W2012595183","https://openalex.org/W2991588090","https://openalex.org/W3213052590","https://openalex.org/W2995074223","https://openalex.org/W2130213919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lithium-ion":[0],"is":[1,30,41],"a":[2],"progressive":[3],"battery":[4,18,29,67,75,89,105,129],"technology":[5],"that":[6,107],"has":[7],"been":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,23,88,147],"vastly":[11],"different":[12,101],"electrical":[13],"systems.":[14,56],"Failure":[15],"of":[16,77,128],"the":[17,24,28,74,125],"can":[19,58],"lead":[20],"to":[21,72,104],"failure":[22],"entire":[25],"system":[26],"where":[27],"embedded":[31],"and":[32,44,52,63,80,93,119,145],"cause":[33],"irreversible":[34],"damage.":[35],"To":[36],"avoid":[37],"probable":[38],"damages,":[39],"research":[40],"actively":[42],"conducted,":[43],"data-driven":[45,102],"methods":[46],"are":[47],"proposed,":[48],"based":[49,123],"on":[50,124],"prognostics":[51,106],"health":[53,78],"management":[54],"(PHM)":[55],"PHM":[57],"use":[59],"multiple":[60],"time-scale":[61],"data":[62,144],"stored":[64],"information":[65,141],"from":[66,142],"capacities":[68],"over":[69],"several":[70],"cycles":[71],"determine":[73],"state":[76],"(SOH)":[79],"its":[81],"remaining":[82],"useful":[83],"life":[84],"(RUL).":[85],"This":[86],"results":[87],"safety,":[90],"stability,":[91],"reliability,":[92],"longer":[94],"lifetime.":[95],"In":[96],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"approaches":[103],"rely":[108],"on:":[109],"Long":[110],"Short-Term":[111],"Memory":[112],"(LSTM),":[113],"Autoregressive":[114],"Integrated":[115],"Moving":[116],"Average":[117],"(ARIMA),":[118],"Reinforcement":[120],"Learning":[121],"(RL)":[122],"permutation":[126],"entropy":[127],"voltage":[130],"sequences":[131],"at":[132],"each":[133],"cycle,":[134],"since":[135],"they":[136],"take":[137],"into":[138],"account":[139],"vital":[140],"past":[143],"result":[146],"high":[148],"accuracy.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}