{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295062703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15090319","title":"Federated Optimization of \u21130-norm Regularized Sparse Learning","display_name":"Federated Optimization of \u21130-norm Regularized Sparse Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295062703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15090319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15090319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15090319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/9/319/pdf?version=1663808249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/9/319/pdf?version=1663808249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056660680","display_name":"Qianqian Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-8488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018059378","display_name":"Guannan Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guannan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-0554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006252544","display_name":"Jiahao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-4133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029082585","display_name":"Tan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-7852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047722991","display_name":"Miao Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-4413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051393532","display_name":"Jinbo Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-4092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinbo Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051393532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09880154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"319","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7720699906349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7603657841682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6179616451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.5492931008338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5289126634597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5020160675048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.4749206006526947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.46129950881004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.4513775110244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3811291456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28830644488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16766628623008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10319957137107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07558277249336243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720699906349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7603657841682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6179616451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.5492931008338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5289126634597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5020160675048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.4749206006526947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46129950881004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.4513775110244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3811291456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28830644488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16766628623008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10319957137107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07558277249336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15090319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15090319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/9/319/pdf?version=1663808249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7fb25fbf7bf414988c24efbfeeb5b47","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7fb25fbf7bf414988c24efbfeeb5b47","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 319 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/9/319/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15090319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 319","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15090319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15090319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/9/319/pdf?version=1663808249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G501154348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5K02DA043063-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G545104957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2029569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5630120069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH R01-DA051922-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5705128782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1801925","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5866837808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH R01-DA051922-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6032895720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1801925","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6923793308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-DA051922-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7889180824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1718738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8228630546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2029569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G932334425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1718738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295062703.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1874232560","https://openalex.org/W1977520307","https://openalex.org/W1992656744","https://openalex.org/W2006602349","https://openalex.org/W2006624426","https://openalex.org/W2028781966","https://openalex.org/W2093008421","https://openalex.org/W2099766834","https://openalex.org/W2103519186","https://openalex.org/W2107151623","https://openalex.org/W2116209939","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2128659236","https://openalex.org/W2141039087","https://openalex.org/W2143344601","https://openalex.org/W2150102617","https://openalex.org/W2151693816","https://openalex.org/W2163224677","https://openalex.org/W2289917018","https://openalex.org/W2365692793","https://openalex.org/W2395344476","https://openalex.org/W2407738787","https://openalex.org/W2554489331","https://openalex.org/W2616050959","https://openalex.org/W2724459664","https://openalex.org/W2774000609","https://openalex.org/W2798574788","https://openalex.org/W2890767329","https://openalex.org/W2908007030","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2952160444","https://openalex.org/W2962975464","https://openalex.org/W2963297739","https://openalex.org/W2963322354","https://openalex.org/W2964956128","https://openalex.org/W2972570881","https://openalex.org/W2981206218","https://openalex.org/W2982475424","https://openalex.org/W2989289980","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W2995191368","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3101970908","https://openalex.org/W3129329365","https://openalex.org/W3153347425","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4282835295","https://openalex.org/W4299283926","https://openalex.org/W4302439355","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6674802743","https://openalex.org/W6676225092","https://openalex.org/W6680344438","https://openalex.org/W6681875376","https://openalex.org/W6704584212","https://openalex.org/W6711649141","https://openalex.org/W6754749982","https://openalex.org/W6785480639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W4312766348","https://openalex.org/W2158224665","https://openalex.org/W2737338842","https://openalex.org/W2268131559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Regularized":[0],"sparse":[1,27,94,151],"learning":[2,13,28],"with":[3,39,99,132,161,186],"the":[4,23,49,72,81,93,115,149,171],"\u21130-norm":[5],"is":[6,77,154],"important":[7],"in":[8,85,180],"many":[9],"areas,":[10],"including":[11],"statistical":[12],"and":[14,37,65,97,126,145,164,173,190],"signal":[15],"processing.":[16],"Iterative":[17,128],"hard":[18],"thresholding":[19],"(IHT)":[20],"methods":[21],"are":[22,61],"state-of-the-art":[24],"for":[25,103,147],"nonconvex-constrained":[26],"due":[29],"to":[30,67,79,156],"their":[31,176],"capability":[32],"of":[33,46,51,83,118,182],"recovering":[34,148],"true":[35],"support":[36],"scalability":[38],"large":[40],"datasets.":[41],"The":[42],"current":[43],"theoretical":[44,133],"analysis":[45],"IHT":[47,84,120,158],"assumes":[48],"use":[50],"centralized":[52],"IID":[53],"data.":[54,109,166],"In":[55,110],"realistic":[56],"large-scale":[57],"scenarios,":[58],"however,":[59],"data":[60],"distributed,":[62],"seldom":[63],"IID,":[64],"private":[66],"edge":[68],"computing":[69],"devices":[70,91],"at":[71],"local":[73,90,108],"level.":[74],"Consequently,":[75],"it":[76],"required":[78],"study":[80],"property":[82],"a":[86,100,141],"federated":[87,119],"environment,":[88],"where":[89],"update":[92],"model":[95],"individually":[96],"communicate":[98],"central":[101],"server":[102],"aggregation":[104],"infrequently":[105],"without":[106],"sharing":[107],"this":[111],"paper,":[112],"we":[113],"propose":[114],"first":[116],"group":[117],"methods:":[121],"Federated":[122,127],"Hard":[123,129],"Thresholding":[124,130],"(Fed-HT)":[125],"(FedIter-HT)":[131],"guarantees.":[134],"We":[135],"prove":[136],"that":[137,170],"both":[138],"algorithms":[139],"have":[140],"linear":[142],"convergence":[143],"rate":[144],"guarantee":[146],"optimal":[150],"estimator,":[152],"which":[153],"comparable":[155],"classic":[157],"methods,":[159],"but":[160],"decentralized,":[162],"non-IID,":[163],"unbalanced":[165],"Empirical":[167],"results":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"Fed-HT":[172],"FedIter-HT":[174],"outperform":[175],"competitor\u2014a":[177],"distributed":[178],"IHT,":[179],"terms":[181],"reducing":[183],"objective":[184],"values":[185],"fewer":[187],"communication":[188],"rounds":[189],"bandwidth":[191],"requirements.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}