{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291414411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15080282","title":"Techniques and Paradigms in Modern Game AI Systems","display_name":"Techniques and Paradigms in Modern Game AI Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291414411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15080282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15080282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15080282","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/8/282/pdf?version=1660290176","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/8/282/pdf?version=1660290176","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036352356","display_name":"Yunlong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-5130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397214","display_name":"Wenxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-7792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100397214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.1219,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88999086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"282","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7677109241485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6504531502723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6042481660842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.6005842089653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-complexity","display_name":"Game complexity","score":0.46324244141578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4388265311717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3233853280544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.185777485370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11373183131217957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7677109241485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6504531502723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6042481660842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.6005842089653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93826744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903738","display_name":"Game complexity","level":4,"score":0.46324244141578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4388265311717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3233853280544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.185777485370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11373183131217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96563100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8037118","display_name":"Worst-case complexity","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15080282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15080282","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/8/282/pdf?version=1660290176","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11f001abbcf74744b4f329bef08875f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11f001abbcf74744b4f329bef08875f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 282 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/8/282/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15080282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 8; Pages: 282","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15080282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15080282","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/8/282/pdf?version=1660290176","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318547","display_name":"Baidu","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291414411.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291414411.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506413385","https://openalex.org/W1512383952","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1636614024","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1969994872","https://openalex.org/W1982977005","https://openalex.org/W1997840820","https://openalex.org/W2006791053","https://openalex.org/W2020135152","https://openalex.org/W2020815519","https://openalex.org/W2029757490","https://openalex.org/W2069746367","https://openalex.org/W2103315867","https://openalex.org/W2106975967","https://openalex.org/W2113228754","https://openalex.org/W2113351146","https://openalex.org/W2114853176","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2126776273","https://openalex.org/W2131600418","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2145224651","https://openalex.org/W2150738382","https://openalex.org/W2162897909","https://openalex.org/W2168165432","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2473074461","https://openalex.org/W2574978968","https://openalex.org/W2617547828","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2773381986","https://openalex.org/W2786036274","https://openalex.org/W2794643322","https://openalex.org/W2809129829","https://openalex.org/W2889717472","https://openalex.org/W2890002687","https://openalex.org/W2896791808","https://openalex.org/W2902907165","https://openalex.org/W2911296969","https://openalex.org/W2960876848","https://openalex.org/W2973748402","https://openalex.org/W2989847975","https://openalex.org/W2997502221","https://openalex.org/W3006861906","https://openalex.org/W3041202696","https://openalex.org/W3041349757","https://openalex.org/W3107951310","https://openalex.org/W3118210634","https://openalex.org/W3123139944","https://openalex.org/W3169696988","https://openalex.org/W4210870706","https://openalex.org/W4283801634","https://openalex.org/W4287813665","https://openalex.org/W4293154685","https://openalex.org/W4297789683","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W4300920027","https://openalex.org/W4307979480","https://openalex.org/W6613957760","https://openalex.org/W6634471212","https://openalex.org/W6636830426","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6655622924","https://openalex.org/W6675509861","https://openalex.org/W6678751378","https://openalex.org/W6681187623","https://openalex.org/W6683195989","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6743367460","https://openalex.org/W6755963907","https://openalex.org/W6775695405","https://openalex.org/W6785535465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377237701","https://openalex.org/W2360099860","https://openalex.org/W4323893170","https://openalex.org/W1583826057","https://openalex.org/W2352463596","https://openalex.org/W2380850119","https://openalex.org/W2101450440","https://openalex.org/W2383675217","https://openalex.org/W2376151201","https://openalex.org/W794552885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Games":[0],"have":[1,26,38],"long":[2],"been":[3],"benchmarks":[4],"and":[5,16,41,70,88,107,110,146],"test-beds":[6],"for":[7,128,154],"AI":[8,14,24,46,56,76,105,144,152],"algorithms.":[9],"With":[10],"the":[11,17,49,68,82,93,99,119,150],"development":[12],"of":[13,19,54,67,81,95,142],"techniques":[15,69],"boost":[18],"computational":[20],"power,":[21],"modern":[22,74],"game":[23,75,104,143,151],"systems":[25,57,106],"achieved":[27],"superhuman":[28],"performance":[29],"in":[30,52,73],"many":[31],"games":[32,37,129],"played":[33],"by":[34],"humans.":[35],"These":[36],"various":[39],"features":[40,94],"present":[42],"different":[43],"challenges":[44],"to":[45,62,102,123,149],"research,":[47],"so":[48],"algorithms":[50,145],"used":[51,72],"each":[53,80],"these":[55],"vary.":[58],"This":[59],"survey":[60,136],"aims":[61],"give":[63],"a":[64,125,140],"systematic":[65],"review":[66,141],"paradigms":[71,101],"systems.":[77],"By":[78],"decomposing":[79],"recent":[83],"milestones":[84],"into":[85],"basic":[86],"components":[87],"comparing":[89],"them":[90],"based":[91],"on":[92],"games,":[96],"we":[97],"summarize":[98],"common":[100],"build":[103],"their":[108],"scope":[109],"limitations.":[111],"We":[112,133],"claim":[113],"that":[114],"deep":[115],"reinforcement":[116],"learning":[117],"is":[118],"most":[120],"general":[121],"methodology":[122],"become":[124],"mainstream":[126],"method":[127],"with":[130],"higher":[131],"complexity.":[132],"hope":[134],"this":[135],"can":[137],"both":[138],"provide":[139],"bring":[147],"inspiration":[148],"community":[153],"future":[155],"directions.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}