{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281648832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15060197","title":"BAG-DSM: A Method for Generating Alternatives for Hierarchical Multi-Attribute Decision Models Using Bayesian Optimization","display_name":"BAG-DSM: A Method for Generating Alternatives for Hierarchical Multi-Attribute Decision Models Using Bayesian Optimization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281648832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15060197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15060197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15060197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/6/197/pdf?version=1654838628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/6/197/pdf?version=1654838628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037458079","display_name":"Martin Gjoreski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-7418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Gjoreski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001090206","display_name":"Vladimir Kuzmanovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Kuzmanovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080334275","display_name":"Marko Bohanec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4317-2833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Bohanec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037458079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.6762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71750646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"197","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7083404064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5693432092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.564333438873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5326513648033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.49373897910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48298871517181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4765070974826813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4687003791332245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.4487522840499878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7083404064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5693432092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.564333438873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5326513648033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.49373897910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48298871517181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4765070974826813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4687003791332245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4487522840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15060197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15060197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/6/197/pdf?version=1654838628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/115924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/cc549bf4-06b8-4a59-9071-241ed752f5ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3269855c4a44bb1a9e1254f5e366c64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3269855c4a44bb1a9e1254f5e366c64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 197 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/6/197/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15060197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 6; Pages: 197","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15060197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15060197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/6/197/pdf?version=1654838628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281648832.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281648832.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W1798702550","https://openalex.org/W1844684489","https://openalex.org/W1969708179","https://openalex.org/W1975802371","https://openalex.org/W1991073705","https://openalex.org/W2039920273","https://openalex.org/W2061144551","https://openalex.org/W2061833027","https://openalex.org/W2081639805","https://openalex.org/W2099201756","https://openalex.org/W2115407167","https://openalex.org/W2264649342","https://openalex.org/W2791086887","https://openalex.org/W2891340972","https://openalex.org/W2916635434","https://openalex.org/W2945315238","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2946389500","https://openalex.org/W2951665052","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W2962966435","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W3006594771","https://openalex.org/W3101038122","https://openalex.org/W3102161834","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4213249221","https://openalex.org/W4252003911","https://openalex.org/W6713470497","https://openalex.org/W6745730051","https://openalex.org/W6766110768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125011624","https://openalex.org/W1508631387","https://openalex.org/W2370917603","https://openalex.org/W2952760143","https://openalex.org/W2017776670","https://openalex.org/W2347897961","https://openalex.org/W2979236518","https://openalex.org/W2358318464","https://openalex.org/W2340870721","https://openalex.org/W3091955004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-attribute":[0],"decision":[1,7,11,22,43,55,164],"analysis":[2],"is":[3,25,39,57,98,276],"an":[4,90],"approach":[5,119,144],"to":[6,28,75,99,111,146,156,184,202,261],"support":[8,23],"in":[9,107,211],"which":[10,273],"alternatives":[12,32,51,101],"are":[13],"evaluated":[14,153],"by":[15,139,216,272],"multi-criteria":[16],"models.":[17,134,149],"An":[18],"advanced":[19],"feature":[20],"of":[21,79,192,198,213,247],"models":[24,56,165],"the":[26,46,77,93,96,104,108,182,186,190,196,204,209,214,221,227,245,248,255,259,263],"possibility":[27],"search":[29,256],"for":[30,41,52,68,131,226],"new":[31],"that":[33,102,253],"satisfy":[34],"certain":[35],"conditions.":[36],"This":[37],"task":[38],"important":[40],"practical":[42],"support;":[44],"however,":[45],"related":[47],"work":[48],"on":[49,160,230],"generating":[50,80],"qualitative":[53,147],"multi-attribute":[54,86,249],"quite":[58],"scarce.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"introduce":[64],"Bayesian":[65,142],"Alternative":[66],"Generator":[67],"Decision":[69],"Support":[70],"Models":[71],"(BAG-DSM),":[72],"a":[73,85,113,141,157,217],"method":[74,159],"address":[76],"problem":[78],"alternatives.":[81,206],"More":[82],"specifically,":[83],"given":[84],"hierarchical":[87,250],"model":[88],"and":[89,124,154,172,195,269],"alternative":[91,110,238,266],"representing":[92],"initial":[94],"state,":[95],"goal":[97],"generate":[100],"demand":[103],"least":[105,235],"change":[106],"provided":[109],"obtain":[112,185],"desirable":[114],"outcome.":[115],"The":[116,175,242],"brute":[117],"force":[118],"has":[120,125],"exponential":[121],"time":[122,183,260],"complexity":[123],"prohibitively":[126],"long":[127],"execution":[128],"times,":[129],"even":[130],"moderately":[132],"sized":[133],"BAG-DSM":[135,150,207],"avoids":[136],"these":[137],"problems":[138],"using":[140],"optimization":[143],"adapted":[145],"DEX":[148,163],"was":[151,177,267],"extensively":[152],"compared":[155],"baseline":[158,210],"43":[161],"different":[162,170],"with":[166,179],"varying":[167],"complexity,":[168],"e.g.,":[169],"depth":[171,246],"attribute":[173,199],"importance.":[174],"comparison":[176],"performed":[178],"respect":[180],"to:":[181],"first":[187,264],"appropriate":[188,237,265],"alternative,":[189],"number":[191,197],"generated":[193,205],"alternatives,":[194],"changes":[200],"required":[201],"reach":[203],"outperforms":[208],"all":[212],"experiments":[215],"large":[218],"margin.":[219],"Additionally,":[220],"evaluation":[222],"confirms":[223],"BAG-DSM\u2019s":[224,274],"suitability":[225],"task,":[228],"i.e.,":[229],"average,":[231],"it":[232],"generates":[233],"at":[234],"one":[236],"within":[239],"two":[240],"seconds.":[241],"relation":[243],"between":[244],"models\u2014a":[251],"parameter":[252],"increases":[254],"space":[257],"exponentially\u2014and":[258],"obtaining":[262],"linear":[268],"not":[270],"exponential,":[271],"scalability":[275],"empirically":[277],"confirmed.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
