{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280550900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050161","title":"Optimized Score Level Fusion for Multi-Instance Finger Vein Recognition","display_name":"Optimized Score Level Fusion for Multi-Instance Finger Vein Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280550900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15050161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/161/pdf?version=1652258354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/161/pdf?version=1652258354","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110751333","display_name":"Jackson Horlick Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8400-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackson Horlick Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064466785","display_name":"Thian Song Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-9517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thian Song Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033879444","display_name":"Tee Connie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-3831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tee Connie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085616371","display_name":"Kalaiarasi Sonai Muthu Anbananthen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-2872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalaiarasi Sonai Muthu Anbananthen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054770301","display_name":"Pa Pa Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pa Pa Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064466785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71321007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"161","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14333","display_name":"Dermatoglyphics and Human Traits","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7528359889984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7346196174621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6434964537620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6251697540283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5762851238250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.44050803780555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.43959298729896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.41467708349227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.39657995104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06923907995223999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7528359889984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7346196174621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6434964537620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6251697540283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5762851238250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.44050803780555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.43959298729896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.41467708349227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.39657995104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06923907995223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15050161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/161/pdf?version=1652258354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:10113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3151ebc20bde45fdbaa7b737303898b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3151ebc20bde45fdbaa7b737303898b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 161 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/5/161/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15050161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 5; Pages: 161","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15050161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/161/pdf?version=1652258354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280550900.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280550900.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191940071","https://openalex.org/W1576817603","https://openalex.org/W2020179752","https://openalex.org/W2037340447","https://openalex.org/W2057891917","https://openalex.org/W2059233108","https://openalex.org/W2078136378","https://openalex.org/W2078810896","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106411961","https://openalex.org/W2266314273","https://openalex.org/W2292764212","https://openalex.org/W2309865826","https://openalex.org/W2884114979","https://openalex.org/W4248156351","https://openalex.org/W6635966985","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6676179485","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6698270887","https://openalex.org/W7065401919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2779573348","https://openalex.org/W1995536880","https://openalex.org/W2620723295","https://openalex.org/W4255221925","https://openalex.org/W2134786086","https://openalex.org/W3121973004","https://openalex.org/W2181817726","https://openalex.org/W2363530787","https://openalex.org/W2040719874","https://openalex.org/W3013515612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,172],"finger":[1,10,24,68,90,99,106,131],"vein":[2,25,69,107,132],"recognition":[3,26],"system":[4,27],"uses":[5],"blood":[6],"vessels":[7],"inside":[8],"the":[9,35,48,67,76,89,94,144,180,183,189,197,213,221,235,238,245,253],"of":[11,22,50,78,88,130,147,182,192,206,248],"an":[12,227],"individual":[13],"for":[14,70,84,252],"identity":[15],"verification.":[16],"public":[18],"is":[19,38,112,137,202,241],"in":[20,60,234],"favor":[21],"a":[23,104,204],"over":[28],"conventional":[29],"passwords":[30],"or":[31,123,217],"ID":[32],"cards":[33],"as":[34],"biometric":[36],"technology":[37],"harder":[39],"to":[40,102,139,219,243],"forge,":[41],"misplace,":[42],"and":[43,62,97,165,188,250,256],"share.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,150],"study,":[47],"histogram":[49],"oriented":[51],"gradients":[52],"(HOG)":[53],"features,":[54],"which":[55],"are":[56,64,100,154,175],"robust":[57],"against":[58],"changes":[59],"illumination":[61],"position,":[63],"extracted":[65],"from":[66,93],"personal":[71],"recognition.":[72],"To":[73,126],"further":[74],"increase":[75],"amount":[77],"information":[79],"that":[80,209],"can":[81,116],"be":[82,117],"used":[83],"recognition,":[85],"different":[86,128],"instances":[87,129],"vein,":[91],"ranging":[92],"index,":[95],"middle,":[96],"ring":[98],"combined":[101],"form":[103],"multi-instance":[105],"representation.":[108],"This":[109,201],"fusion":[110,136,163,170,173,195],"approach":[111,208],"preferred":[113],"since":[114],"it":[115,226],"performed":[118],"without":[119],"requiring":[120],"additional":[121],"sensors":[122],"feature":[124],"extractors.":[125],"combine":[127],"effectively,":[133],"score":[134,162,193],"level":[135,194],"adopted":[138],"allow":[140],"greater":[141],"compatibility":[142],"among":[143],"wide":[145],"range":[146],"matches.":[148],"Towards":[149],"end,":[151],"two":[152],"methods":[153],"proposed:":[155],"Bayesian":[156,166,198],"optimized":[157,167],"support":[158],"vector":[159],"machine":[160],"(SVM)":[161],"(BSSF)":[164],"SVM":[168,186],"based":[169],"(BSBF).":[171],"results":[174],"incrementally":[176],"improved":[177],"by":[178],"optimizing":[179],"hyperparameters":[181],"HOG":[184],"feature,":[185],"matcher,":[187],"weighted":[190],"sum":[191],"using":[196,231],"optimization":[199,215,223],"approach.":[200],"considered":[203],"kind":[205],"knowledge-based":[207],"takes":[210],"into":[211],"account":[212],"previous":[214],"attempts":[216],"trials":[218],"determine":[220],"next":[222],"trial,":[224],"making":[225],"efficient":[228],"optimizer.":[229],"By":[230],"stratified":[232],"cross-validation":[233],"training":[236],"process,":[237],"proposed":[239],"method":[240],"able":[242],"achieve":[244],"lowest":[246],"EER":[247],"0.48%":[249],"0.22%":[251],"SDUMLA-HMT":[254],"dataset":[255],"UTFVP":[257],"dataset,":[258],"respectively.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
