{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224255878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050135","title":"MAC Address Anonymization for Crowd Counting","display_name":"MAC Address Anonymization for Crowd Counting","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224255878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15050135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/135/pdf?version=1650434503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/135/pdf?version=1650434503","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027356868","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Determe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-0866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Determe","raw_affiliation_strings":["BEAMS-EE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BEAMS-EE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063418098","display_name":"Sophia Azzagnuni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Azzagnuni","raw_affiliation_strings":["OPERA Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OPERA Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087786096","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Horlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-7031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Horlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["OPERA Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OPERA Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041719970","display_name":"Philippe De Doncker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-575X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe De Doncker","raw_affiliation_strings":["OPERA Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OPERA Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027356868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60733077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"135","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8161908388137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7780652642250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.7021737694740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5996687412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.5630056262016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.47788822650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mac-address","display_name":"MAC address","score":0.47151196002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.42134788632392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38596418499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3858782947063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3050500154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08278843760490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07046744227409363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8161908388137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7780652642250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.7021737694740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5996687412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.5630056262016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.47788822650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777321455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20484","display_name":"MAC address","level":2,"score":0.47151196002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.42134788632392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38596418499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3858782947063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3050500154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08278843760490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07046744227409363}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15050135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/135/pdf?version=1650434503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.09876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.09876","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/344401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/344401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, 15 (5","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5c263e0aecd643e2b544e097f79d9710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5c263e0aecd643e2b544e097f79d9710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 135 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/5/135/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15050135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 5; Pages: 135","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15050135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/135/pdf?version=1650434503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G477883401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MUFINS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322852","funder_display_name":"Innoviris"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322852","display_name":"Innoviris","ror":"https://ror.org/04af9zr29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224255878.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224255878.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54073830","https://openalex.org/W174317439","https://openalex.org/W1976476866","https://openalex.org/W2074889191","https://openalex.org/W2136141639","https://openalex.org/W2354711464","https://openalex.org/W2481308865","https://openalex.org/W2521158244","https://openalex.org/W2753524298","https://openalex.org/W2794751858","https://openalex.org/W2798493172","https://openalex.org/W2803223700","https://openalex.org/W2890444738","https://openalex.org/W2951159855","https://openalex.org/W3003381204","https://openalex.org/W3024186442","https://openalex.org/W3025385947","https://openalex.org/W3033370974","https://openalex.org/W3094172819","https://openalex.org/W3102753229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378651134","https://openalex.org/W4252684102","https://openalex.org/W2608983118","https://openalex.org/W2352307597","https://openalex.org/W1979633005","https://openalex.org/W2163724607","https://openalex.org/W3087433214","https://openalex.org/W3045456811","https://openalex.org/W4387007031","https://openalex.org/W2886684963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1],"shown":[2],"that":[3],"counting":[4,30,80],"WiFi":[5,33],"packets":[6],"called":[7],"probe":[8],"requests":[9],"(PRs)":[10],"implicitly":[11],"provides":[12],"a":[13,28,51],"proxy":[14],"for":[15],"the":[16,38,89],"number":[17],"of":[18,88,92],"people":[19],"in":[20],"an":[21,57,86],"area.":[22],"In":[23,82],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,84],"discuss":[27],"crowd":[29],"system":[31],"involving":[32],"sensors":[34,65],"detecting":[35],"PRs":[36],"over":[37],"air,":[39],"then":[40],"extracting":[41],"and":[42,60,66],"anonymizing":[43],"their":[44],"media":[45],"access":[46],"control":[47],"(MAC)":[48],"addresses":[49],"using":[50],"hash-based":[52],"approach.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"discusses":[56],"anonymization":[58,76],"procedure":[59],"shows":[61],"time-synchronization":[62],"inaccuracies":[63],"among":[64],"hashing":[67],"collision":[68,90],"rates":[69],"to":[70,74],"be":[71],"low":[72],"enough":[73],"prevent":[75],"from":[77],"interfering":[78],"with":[79,96],"algorithms.":[81],"particular,":[83],"derive":[85],"approximation":[87],"rate":[91],"uniformly":[93],"distributed":[94],"identifiers,":[95],"analytical":[97],"error":[98],"bounds.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
