{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200069408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010012","title":"Optimization of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars for Reinforced Concrete Column Using Nonlinear Finite Element Algorithms","display_name":"Optimization of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars for Reinforced Concrete Column Using Nonlinear Finite Element Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200069408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15010012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/12/pdf?version=1640662528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/12/pdf?version=1640662528","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089095157","display_name":"Sajjad Sayyar Roudsari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-1464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Sayyar Roudsari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Science and Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Science and Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076301464","display_name":"Liviu Marian Ungureanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-4998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141595442","display_name":"University of Bucharest","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2v6p15","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liviu Marian Ungureanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["TMR Department, Bucharest Polytechnic University, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TMR Department, Bucharest Polytechnic University, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089013414","display_name":"Soheil Soroushnia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soheil Soroushnia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076491668","display_name":"Taher Abu-Lebdeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-5972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taher Abu-Lebdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Science and Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Science and Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090119035","display_name":"Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-5159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141595442","display_name":"University of Bucharest","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2v6p15","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["TMR Department, Bucharest Polytechnic University, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TMR Department, Bucharest Polytechnic University, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090119035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.5931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66528397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibre-reinforced-plastic","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","score":0.8254313468933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7540422677993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.654956579208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.6414557099342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer","display_name":"Carbon fiber reinforced polymer","score":0.6110492944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.6072319746017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductility","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","score":0.5725834369659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5129187107086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete-column","display_name":"Reinforced concrete column","score":0.4911034107208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.43010762333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.4155011475086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.3175498843193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","score":0.27103328704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12392964959144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07239171862602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creep","display_name":"Creep","score":0.06895723938941956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76344452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263125","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","level":2,"score":0.8254313468933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7540422677993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.654956579208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.6414557099342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777178879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910977","display_name":"Carbon fiber reinforced polymer","level":3,"score":0.6110492944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6072319746017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.5725834369659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5129187107086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779534744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310310","display_name":"Reinforced concrete column","level":4,"score":0.4911034107208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.43010762333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.4155011475086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.3175498843193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.27103328704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12392964959144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07239171862602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.06895723938941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15010012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/12/pdf?version=1640662528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f19410bc7eb9426eaab6fbbff0aff10c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f19410bc7eb9426eaab6fbbff0aff10c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 12 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/1/12/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15010012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 12","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15010012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/12/pdf?version=1640662528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200069408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200069408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W235857325","https://openalex.org/W1166629295","https://openalex.org/W1482490130","https://openalex.org/W1661619266","https://openalex.org/W1898136011","https://openalex.org/W1956524430","https://openalex.org/W1976343418","https://openalex.org/W1984991496","https://openalex.org/W2002863603","https://openalex.org/W2004284095","https://openalex.org/W2009628443","https://openalex.org/W2031411333","https://openalex.org/W2034847773","https://openalex.org/W2039326265","https://openalex.org/W2054830005","https://openalex.org/W2055442435","https://openalex.org/W2060100442","https://openalex.org/W2064051429","https://openalex.org/W2067175639","https://openalex.org/W2068526846","https://openalex.org/W2080745736","https://openalex.org/W2088056538","https://openalex.org/W2103320283","https://openalex.org/W2105137276","https://openalex.org/W2138960670","https://openalex.org/W2147293987","https://openalex.org/W2148135997","https://openalex.org/W2150158911","https://openalex.org/W2170840268","https://openalex.org/W2183313584","https://openalex.org/W2207459047","https://openalex.org/W2277979982","https://openalex.org/W2289091016","https://openalex.org/W2290937038","https://openalex.org/W2317477505","https://openalex.org/W2339204686","https://openalex.org/W2561131702","https://openalex.org/W2607282038","https://openalex.org/W2763983481","https://openalex.org/W2782470474","https://openalex.org/W2789503407","https://openalex.org/W2889283748","https://openalex.org/W2894066084","https://openalex.org/W2899303346","https://openalex.org/W2905711557","https://openalex.org/W2922847680","https://openalex.org/W2978273409","https://openalex.org/W2987755217","https://openalex.org/W2999990546","https://openalex.org/W3015272308","https://openalex.org/W3039667563","https://openalex.org/W3087674519","https://openalex.org/W6637251983","https://openalex.org/W6640919125","https://openalex.org/W6665575401","https://openalex.org/W6688259774","https://openalex.org/W6747498266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2218631626","https://openalex.org/W2388249062","https://openalex.org/W2607061649","https://openalex.org/W2187445792","https://openalex.org/W3153971199","https://openalex.org/W4386710884","https://openalex.org/W2116011878","https://openalex.org/W2075895452","https://openalex.org/W4312710369","https://openalex.org/W2347704552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,187,219],"ductility":[1,151,204],"and":[2,42,95,112,150,184,203],"strength":[3],"of":[4,28,38,81,89,115,145,177,192,221],"reinforced":[5,60,98],"concrete":[6,119],"(RC)":[7],"columns":[8,61],"could":[9],"be":[10],"noticeably":[11],"improved":[12,195],"by":[13,159,196],"replacing":[14],"steel":[15,178,209],"bars":[16,179,213],"with":[17,137,182,208],"polymeric":[18],"bars.":[19,210],"Despite":[20],"the":[21,34,54,59,63,78,86,102,116,118,127,143,156,160,169,190,200,216],"previous":[22,64],"research":[23],"on":[24,33,53],"RC":[25,82],"columns,":[26],"most":[27],"those":[29],"studies":[30],"focused":[31],"only":[32],"lateral":[35],"load":[36],"capacity":[37],"this":[39,49,141],"structural":[40],"member":[41],"were":[43],"mainly":[44],"costly":[45],"experimental":[46],"studies.":[47],"However,":[48],"paper":[50],"is":[51,130,165,194],"concentrated":[52],"previously":[55],"occurred":[56],"damages":[57],"to":[58,73,135,167,224],"in":[62,229],"earthquakes.":[65],"Subsequently,":[66],"finite":[67],"element":[68,175],"analysis":[69],"has":[70,105,123],"been":[71,106,124,153],"performed":[72],"examine":[74],"24":[75],"models":[76,134,193],"including":[77],"various":[79],"shapes":[80],"columns.":[83,233],"In":[84,140],"employing":[85],"plastic":[87],"behavior":[88,114],"steel,":[90],"carbon":[91,183],"fiber-reinforced":[92],"polymer":[93,99],"(CFRP),":[94],"glass":[96,185],"fiber":[97],"(GFRP)":[100],"bars,":[101,198],"bilinear":[103],"hardening":[104],"considered.":[107],"To":[108],"capture":[109],"both":[110],"compressive":[111],"tensile":[113],"concrete,":[117],"damage":[120],"plasticity":[121],"model":[122],"implemented.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"optimization":[128],"technique":[129],"used":[131],"for":[132],"CFRP":[133,197],"compare":[136,168],"other":[138],"models.":[139,186],"paper,":[142],"parameters":[144],"energy,":[146],"seismic":[147,217],"factor,":[148],"stiffness,":[149],"have":[152],"computed":[154],"using":[155],"method":[157,164],"proposed":[158],"authors.":[161],"This":[162],"suggested":[163],"considered":[166],"results":[170,176,188],"from":[171],"each":[172],"parameter.":[173],"Finite":[174],"are":[180,206],"compared":[181],"show":[189],"stiffness":[191,223],"while":[199],"energy":[201],"absorption":[202],"factor":[205],"enhanced":[207],"Moreover,":[211],"GFRP":[212],"can":[214],"enhance":[215],"factor.":[218],"reduction":[220],"column":[222],"almost":[225],"half":[226],"would":[227],"occur":[228],"some":[230],"rectangular":[231],"cross-section":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}