{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200302816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010011","title":"Optimal CNN\u2013Hopfield Network for Pattern Recognition Based on a Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Optimal CNN\u2013Hopfield Network for Pattern Recognition Based on a Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200302816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/11/pdf?version=1640738388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/11/pdf?version=1640738388","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007306111","display_name":"Fekhr Eddine Keddous","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709122","display_name":"Laboratoire Images, signaux et syst\u00e8mes intelligents","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0hef10","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I4394709122"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fekhr Eddine Keddous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire LISSI, University Paris Est Creteil, 94000 Creteil, France","Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents","SIMO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire LISSI, University Paris Est Creteil, 94000 Creteil, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709122"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIMO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067068847","display_name":"Amir Nakib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709122","display_name":"Laboratoire Images, signaux et syst\u00e8mes intelligents","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0hef10","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I4394709122"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Nakib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire LISSI, University Paris Est Creteil, 94000 Creteil, France","Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents","SIMO"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-9324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire LISSI, University Paris Est Creteil, 94000 Creteil, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709122"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIMO","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":631,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":680},"fwci":0.4537,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61186211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8592628240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8274470567703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6952897310256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.631441593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6091554760932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5516963601112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4962318539619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4728047251701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47092026472091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.46658259630203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42142486572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.4163147807121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38474464416503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30481937527656555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8592628240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8274470567703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6952897310256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.631441593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6091554760932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5516963601112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4962318539619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4728047251701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47092026472091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.46658259630203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42142486572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.4163147807121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38474464416503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30481937527656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/11/pdf?version=1640738388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04053510v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.u-pec.fr/hal-04053510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, 2022, 15 (1), pp.11. ⟨10.3390/a15010011⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce88ef00bec44f2f823224864aab5775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce88ef00bec44f2f823224864aab5775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 11 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/15/1/11/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15010011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 11","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a15010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a15010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/1/11/pdf?version=1640738388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200302816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200302816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1507589574","https://openalex.org/W1586409345","https://openalex.org/W1597286183","https://openalex.org/W1864272955","https://openalex.org/W1965496542","https://openalex.org/W1984431842","https://openalex.org/W2009443800","https://openalex.org/W2011332780","https://openalex.org/W2040147130","https://openalex.org/W2059146732","https://openalex.org/W2059988607","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2072767449","https://openalex.org/W2074959036","https://openalex.org/W2102184039","https://openalex.org/W2110163023","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2121092885","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2243370844","https://openalex.org/W2402292288","https://openalex.org/W2497122656","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2567001798","https://openalex.org/W2584321260","https://openalex.org/W2587333550","https://openalex.org/W2601707599","https://openalex.org/W2756315622","https://openalex.org/W2767621619","https://openalex.org/W2800452261","https://openalex.org/W2800816754","https://openalex.org/W2887063112","https://openalex.org/W2887286714","https://openalex.org/W2913292019","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W2962881544","https://openalex.org/W2963072821","https://openalex.org/W2963588253","https://openalex.org/W2982287241","https://openalex.org/W2996367417","https://openalex.org/W3021613070","https://openalex.org/W3030087702","https://openalex.org/W3046226682","https://openalex.org/W3046769860","https://openalex.org/W3102889924","https://openalex.org/W3103855458","https://openalex.org/W3105026501","https://openalex.org/W3159908420","https://openalex.org/W3176909558","https://openalex.org/W4214871172","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6723686739","https://openalex.org/W6781444109","https://openalex.org/W6781611922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W241127407","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W2381035939","https://openalex.org/W2468477307","https://openalex.org/W4389249638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1,40,94],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"powerful":[5],"representation":[6],"learning":[7,11],"capabilities":[8],"by":[9,117,132],"automatically":[10],"and":[12,31,57,104,164],"extracting":[13],"features":[14,130],"directly":[15],"from":[16],"inputs.":[17],"In":[18,36],"classification":[19],"applications,":[20],"CNN":[21,103,109],"models":[22],"are":[23],"typically":[24],"composed":[25],"of:":[26],"convolutional":[27],"layers,":[28,30],"pooling":[29],"fully":[32],"connected":[33],"(FC)":[34],"layer(s).":[35],"a":[37,92,102,165],"chain-based":[38],"deep":[39],"network,":[41,52],"the":[42,48,51,74,85,88,133,139,142,146,148,158,175,179,186],"FC":[43,89],"layers":[44,90],"contain":[45],"most":[46],"of":[47,50,73,87,141,145],"parameters":[49],"which":[53,120],"affects":[54],"memory":[55,126],"occupancy":[56],"computational":[58],"complexity.":[59],"For":[60],"many":[61],"real-world":[62],"problems,":[63],"speeding":[64],"up":[65],"inference":[66],"time":[67],"is":[68,111,121,162,169],"an":[69,105,118,124],"important":[70],"matter":[71],"because":[72],"hardware":[75],"design":[76],"implications.":[77],"To":[78,154],"deal":[79,137],"with":[80,91,138],"this":[81,156],"problem,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"replacement":[86],"Hopfield":[93],"network":[95],"(HNN).":[96],"The":[97],"proposed":[98,149],"architecture":[99],"combines":[100],"both":[101],"HNN:":[106],"A":[107],"pretrained":[108],"model":[110],"used":[112,170],"for":[113],"feature":[114],"extraction,":[115],"followed":[116],"HNN,":[119,147],"considered":[122],"as":[123],"associative":[125],"that":[127],"saves":[128],"all":[129],"created":[131],"CNN.":[134],"Then,":[135],"to":[136,174],"limitation":[140],"storage":[143],"capacity":[144],"work":[150,184],"uses":[151],"multiple":[152],"HNNs.":[153],"optimize":[155],"step,":[157],"knapsack":[159],"problem":[160],"formulation":[161],"proposed,":[163],"genetic":[166],"algorithm":[167],"(GA)":[168],"solve":[171],"it.":[172],"According":[173],"results":[176],"obtained":[177],"on":[178],"Noisy":[180],"MNIST":[181],"Dataset,":[182],"our":[183],"outperformed":[185],"state-of-the-art":[187],"algorithms.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}