{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215459696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14120341","title":"A Blockchain-Based Audit Trail Mechanism: Design and Implementation","display_name":"A Blockchain-Based Audit Trail Mechanism: Design and Implementation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215459696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14120341","mag":"3215459696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14120341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14120341","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/12/341/pdf?version=1638845160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/12/341/pdf?version=1638845160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069944020","display_name":"Cristina Regueiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Regueiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030181208","display_name":"I\u00f1aki Seco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-2286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I\u00f1aki Seco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061256904","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Guti\u00e9rrez-Ag\u00fcero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-229X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iv\u00e1n Guti\u00e9rrez-Ag\u00fcero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039141719","display_name":"Borja Urquizu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borja Urquizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043592830","display_name":"Jason Mansell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-4970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Mansell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069944020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.5504,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95055563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"341","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7490289807319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.7199988961219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6772943735122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit-trail","display_name":"Audit trail","score":0.6767361164093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6602438688278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6203098893165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5590648651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.45719897747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security-audit","display_name":"Information security audit","score":0.4337151348590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.2804465889930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.24683675169944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.19709274172782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.18977496027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18716955184936523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7490289807319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.7199988961219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6772943735122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80958533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047174","display_name":"Audit trail","level":3,"score":0.6767361164093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6602438688278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6203098893165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5590648651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.45719897747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39358052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578632","display_name":"Information security audit","level":5,"score":0.4337151348590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.2804465889930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.24683675169944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.19709274172782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.18977496027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18716955184936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14120341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14120341","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/12/341/pdf?version=1638845160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5840005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5840005","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5840005","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f7320680a264256b37532fda7cebc1c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f7320680a264256b37532fda7cebc1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 341 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsp.tecnalia.com:11556/1311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11556/1311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402037","display_name":"TECNALIA Publications (Fundaci\u00f3n TECNALIA Research & Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","host_organization_name":"Tecnalia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/14/12/341/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14120341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 341","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14120341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14120341","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/12/341/pdf?version=1638845160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2266626552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"872570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3722694883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"872570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4106241395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Not applicable","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215459696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215459696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505364149","https://openalex.org/W1808147207","https://openalex.org/W1975724609","https://openalex.org/W1991657277","https://openalex.org/W2009033060","https://openalex.org/W2096347345","https://openalex.org/W2192002082","https://openalex.org/W2425051923","https://openalex.org/W2477311466","https://openalex.org/W2520906649","https://openalex.org/W2591354958","https://openalex.org/W2595976459","https://openalex.org/W2763836263","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2900943790","https://openalex.org/W2952709070","https://openalex.org/W2961136127","https://openalex.org/W2963329088","https://openalex.org/W2969698712","https://openalex.org/W3017089210","https://openalex.org/W3026150618","https://openalex.org/W3087283024","https://openalex.org/W3122636688","https://openalex.org/W3123457136","https://openalex.org/W3124419499","https://openalex.org/W3125186781","https://openalex.org/W3128171987","https://openalex.org/W3128470182","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3155317468","https://openalex.org/W3158515241","https://openalex.org/W3170155899","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4255535209","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6687514353","https://openalex.org/W6765095819","https://openalex.org/W6793285265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099785322","https://openalex.org/W2379831727","https://openalex.org/W2354054297","https://openalex.org/W2121758500","https://openalex.org/W2008551576","https://openalex.org/W2392777754","https://openalex.org/W2360780502","https://openalex.org/W2181478398","https://openalex.org/W2184746665","https://openalex.org/W2353337751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Audit":[0],"logs":[1],"are":[2,37,80],"a":[3,29,49,86,90],"critical":[4],"component":[5],"in":[6,82,85],"today\u2019s":[7],"enterprise":[8],"business":[9],"systems":[10],"as":[11,17],"they":[12],"provide":[13],"several":[14],"benefits":[15],"such":[16],"records":[18],"transparency":[19],"and":[20,22,64,68,77,93],"integrity":[21,43],"security":[23,57],"of":[24,31,59,89],"sensitive":[25],"information":[26],"by":[27],"creating":[28],"layer":[30],"evidential":[32],"support.":[33],"However,":[34],"current":[35],"implementations":[36],"vulnerable":[38],"to":[39,61,69],"attacks":[40],"on":[41],"data":[42],"or":[44],"availability.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"presents":[48],"Blockchain-based":[50],"audit":[51,66,95],"trail":[52,96],"mechanism":[53],"that":[54],"leverages":[55],"the":[56,71],"features":[58],"Blockchain":[60],"enable":[62],"secure":[63],"reliable":[65],"trails":[67],"address":[70],"aforementioned":[72],"vulnerabilities.":[73],"The":[74],"architecture":[75],"design":[76],"specific":[78],"implementation":[79],"described":[81],"detail,":[83],"resulting":[84],"real":[87],"prototype":[88],"reliable,":[91],"secure,":[92],"user-friendly":[94],"mechanism.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}
