{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209241467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14110308","title":"The GM-BP Neural Network Prediction Model for International Competitiveness of Computer Information Service Industry","display_name":"The GM-BP Neural Network Prediction Model for International Competitiveness of Computer Information Service Industry","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209241467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14110308","mag":"3209241467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14110308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14110308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/11/308/pdf?version=1635933091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/11/308/pdf?version=1635933091","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015372756","display_name":"Xianhang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-5771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianhang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 400056, China","School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 400056, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103791532","display_name":"Mohd Anuar Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0211-7811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Anuar Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104222180","display_name":"Ubaid Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ubaid Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Sciences Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan","School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Sciences Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086536951","display_name":"Arshad Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-5958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015372756","https://openalex.org/A5103791532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64163122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"308","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5939046144485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tertiary-sector-of-the-economy","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","score":0.5476771593093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5426698923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5144019722938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.513076901435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5055320262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-relational-analysis","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","score":0.4723987281322479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4476373791694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4163914918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41113996505737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4084147810935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.31842225790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.215093195438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20657643675804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19927603006362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19163241982460022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5939046144485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.5476771593093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5426698923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5144019722938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.513076901435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5055320262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64734493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608296","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","level":2,"score":0.4723987281322479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.4476373791694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4163914918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41113996505737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4084147810935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31842225790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.215093195438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20657643675804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19927603006362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19163241982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14110308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14110308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/11/308/pdf?version=1635933091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08cb43299adf41d3b06db582a5527a6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08cb43299adf41d3b06db582a5527a6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 308 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/14/11/308/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14110308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 14; Issue 11; Pages: 308","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14110308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14110308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/11/308/pdf?version=1635933091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209241467.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209241467.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027231894","https://openalex.org/W2032911731","https://openalex.org/W2064685269","https://openalex.org/W2103761324","https://openalex.org/W2121476256","https://openalex.org/W2148525960","https://openalex.org/W2151150023","https://openalex.org/W2282466080","https://openalex.org/W2289025742","https://openalex.org/W2352678714","https://openalex.org/W2782113087","https://openalex.org/W2982395171","https://openalex.org/W3038885128","https://openalex.org/W3122039966","https://openalex.org/W4299953765","https://openalex.org/W6632153454","https://openalex.org/W6747789942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W2922097266","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W2885480708","https://openalex.org/W2127238875","https://openalex.org/W2043277481","https://openalex.org/W2358812761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,195,231,251],"computer":[1,97,117,184,218],"information":[2,98,118,185,219],"service":[3,99,119,186,220],"industry":[4,70,128,221],"is":[5,38,89,172],"closely":[6],"related":[7],"to":[8,56,75,110,149,164,177],"the":[9,16,19,42,51,65,69,73,76,79,92,96,104,112,116,124,127,135,144,156,166,179,199,207,213,225,245,256],"fourth":[10,80],"industrial":[11,81,193],"revolution":[12],"and":[13,35,49,71,129,142,159,188,222,237,241,253],"stands":[14],"at":[15],"core":[17],"of":[18,45,53,68,78,95,115,126,139,182,209,216,228,248,255],"global":[20,46],"value":[21],"chain.":[22],"It":[23],"has":[24,234],"become":[25],"an":[26,175],"essential":[27],"engine":[28],"for":[29,91,192],"developing":[30],"industries":[31],"in":[32],"various":[33],"countries,":[34],"its":[36,58,183],"scale":[37],"constantly":[39],"expanding.":[40],"In":[41,83],"critical":[43],"period":[44],"economic":[47],"transformation":[48],"development,":[50],"use":[52],"mathematical":[54],"models":[55],"predict":[57,178,244],"international":[59,93,113,180,214,249],"competitiveness":[60,94,114,181,215],"will":[61],"help":[62],"scientifically":[63],"evaluate":[64],"development":[66,131],"level":[67],"accelerate":[72],"adaptation":[74],"needs":[77],"revolution.":[82],"this":[84],"article,":[85],"a":[86],"prediction":[87,168],"model":[88,158,233,257],"proposed":[90],"industry.":[100,120],"First,":[101],"we":[102,133,154],"used":[103,143,173],"Revealed":[105],"Comparative":[106],"Advantage":[107],"(RCA)":[108],"index":[109],"measure":[111],"Furthermore,":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123,212],"characteristics":[125],"high-quality":[130],"theory,":[132],"constructed":[134],"evaluation":[136],"indicator":[137],"system":[138],"influencing":[140,229],"factors":[141],"grey":[145,200],"relational":[146,201],"analysis":[147,202],"method":[148,203],"screen":[150],"key":[151,226],"indicators.":[152],"Then,":[153],"combined":[155],"Grey":[157],"BP":[160],"neural":[161],"network":[162],"algorithm":[163],"construct":[165],"GM-BP":[167,232],"model.":[169],"Finally,":[170],"China":[171],"as":[174],"example":[176],"industry,":[187],"suggestions":[189],"are":[190,258],"made":[191],"development.":[194],"results":[196,240],"show":[197],"that":[198],"can":[204,242],"genuinely":[205],"reflect":[206],"impact":[208],"different":[210],"aspects":[211],"China\u2019s":[217],"better":[223],"determine":[224],"indicators":[227],"factors.":[230],"minor":[235],"errors":[236],"excellent":[238],"simulation":[239],"accurately":[243],"future":[246],"status":[247],"competitiveness.":[250],"applicability":[252],"reliability":[254],"reasonable.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}