{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126700979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14020047","title":"Modeling and Optimization in Resource Sharing Systems: Application to Bike-Sharing with Unequal Demands","display_name":"Modeling and Optimization in Resource Sharing Systems: Application to Bike-Sharing with Unequal Demands","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126700979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14020047","mag":"3126700979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14020047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14020047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/2/47/pdf?version=1612145631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/2/47/pdf?version=1612145631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039159409","display_name":"Xiaoting Mo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoting Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Transportation and Logistics Systems Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Transportation and Logistics Systems Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061328883","display_name":"Xinglu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-3179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinglu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Transportation and Logistics Systems Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-3179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Transportation and Logistics Systems Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053833625","display_name":"Wai Kin Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-1922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wai Kin (Victor) Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Transportation and Logistics Systems Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-1922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Transportation and Logistics Systems Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053833625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.366,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53116774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"47","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bike-sharing","display_name":"Bike sharing","score":0.7120540738105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7107102274894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relocation","display_name":"Relocation","score":0.669228196144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.6204681992530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5787113904953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5688387751579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.5235228538513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5062898397445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-resource","display_name":"Shared resource","score":0.49033451080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.42582231760025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.421016126871109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40221187472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33761823177337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1349896788597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12086191773414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.11736470460891724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358919","display_name":"Bike sharing","level":2,"score":0.7120540738105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7107102274894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779019381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3499564","display_name":"Relocation","level":2,"score":0.669228196144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.6204681992530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5787113904953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5688387751579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5235228538513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5062898397445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.49033451080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.42582231760025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.421016126871109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40221187472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33761823177337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1349896788597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12086191773414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11736470460891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14020047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14020047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/2/47/pdf?version=1612145631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d7a878b08dc4e1ba15069dbeb84b611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d7a878b08dc4e1ba15069dbeb84b611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 47 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/14/2/47/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14020047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 14; Issue 2; Pages: 47","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14020047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14020047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/2/47/pdf?version=1612145631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1083633390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SDRC [2016]172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327511","funder_display_name":"Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315091","display_name":"Stanford Diabetes Research Center","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327511","display_name":"Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmg4515"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126700979.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126700979.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109636739","https://openalex.org/W1129526491","https://openalex.org/W1970180010","https://openalex.org/W2013142675","https://openalex.org/W2039985383","https://openalex.org/W2074878797","https://openalex.org/W2163599294","https://openalex.org/W2257214079","https://openalex.org/W2358962606","https://openalex.org/W2515091366","https://openalex.org/W2610909953","https://openalex.org/W2615772816","https://openalex.org/W2618454575","https://openalex.org/W2621368156","https://openalex.org/W2745284275","https://openalex.org/W2766977575","https://openalex.org/W2791063087","https://openalex.org/W2799668953","https://openalex.org/W2808089867","https://openalex.org/W2808244097","https://openalex.org/W2809079004","https://openalex.org/W2809433071","https://openalex.org/W2811391846","https://openalex.org/W2862315792","https://openalex.org/W2882998327","https://openalex.org/W2883073525","https://openalex.org/W2884270802","https://openalex.org/W2917278327","https://openalex.org/W2949830935","https://openalex.org/W2956910609","https://openalex.org/W2981566419","https://openalex.org/W2997831190","https://openalex.org/W3000463923","https://openalex.org/W3002648652","https://openalex.org/W3003562314","https://openalex.org/W3008911837","https://openalex.org/W3037369271","https://openalex.org/W3040750541","https://openalex.org/W3042120468","https://openalex.org/W3090105691","https://openalex.org/W3094570731","https://openalex.org/W3100896795","https://openalex.org/W3105313180","https://openalex.org/W3204773237","https://openalex.org/W6669391347","https://openalex.org/W6692463782","https://openalex.org/W6749114656","https://openalex.org/W6756809923","https://openalex.org/W6772972295","https://openalex.org/W6780971060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046732476","https://openalex.org/W2486027828","https://openalex.org/W2034964907","https://openalex.org/W2380877425","https://openalex.org/W2147260044","https://openalex.org/W2365744358","https://openalex.org/W2330526172","https://openalex.org/W2066619073","https://openalex.org/W2115248066","https://openalex.org/W4300406689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102,128],"imbalanced":[1],"distribution":[2],"of":[3,14,65,70,86,104,137,155,166,169,186,192,217],"shared":[4,139],"bikes":[5,71,140,170,193],"in":[6,148,194],"the":[7,15,41,46,84,87,99,105,111,124,138,149,153,156,164,167,172,179,184,187,190,195,225],"dockless":[8],"bike-sharing":[9,34,47],"system":[10,48,196],"(a":[11],"typical":[12],"example":[13],"resource-sharing":[16],"system),":[17],"which":[18,60,208],"may":[19,200],"lead":[20],"to":[21,82,97,109,122,141,178,207],"potential":[22],"customer":[23],"churn":[24],"and":[25,36,57,114,189,222],"lost":[26],"profit,":[27],"gradually":[28],"becomes":[29],"a":[30,50,67,117,202],"vital":[31],"problem":[32],"for":[33,120,135,205],"firms":[35],"their":[37],"users.":[38],"To":[39],"resolve":[40],"problem,":[42],"we":[43,91],"first":[44],"formulate":[45],"as":[49,116],"Markovian":[51],"queueing":[52],"network":[53,188],"with":[54,220],"higher-demand":[55],"nodes":[56,174],"lower-demand":[58],"nodes,":[59],"can":[61],"provide":[62],"steady-state":[63],"probabilities":[64],"having":[66],"certain":[68],"number":[69,168,191],"at":[72,143,160,171],"one":[73,144],"node.":[74],"A":[75],"model":[76,107],"reduction":[77],"method":[78],"is":[79,108,133,175],"then":[80],"designed":[81],"reduce":[83],"complexity":[85],"proposed":[88],"model.":[89],"Subsequently,":[90],"adopt":[92],"an":[93],"operator-based":[94],"relocation":[95,126],"strategy":[96],"optimize":[98],"reduced":[100],"network.":[101],"objective":[103],"optimization":[106,226],"maximize":[110],"total":[112],"profit":[113],"act":[115],"decision-making":[118],"tool":[119],"operators":[121],"determine":[123],"optimal":[125],"frequency.":[127],"results":[129,227],"reveal":[130],"that":[131],"it":[132],"possible":[134],"most":[136],"gather":[142],"low-demand":[145],"node":[146],"eventually":[147],"long":[150],"run":[151],"under":[152],"influence":[154],"various":[157],"arrival":[158],"rates":[159],"different":[161,214],"nodes.":[162],"However,":[163],"decrease":[165],"high-demand":[173],"more":[176],"sensitive":[177],"unequal":[180],"demands,":[181],"especially":[182],"when":[183],"size":[185],"are":[197],"large.":[198],"It":[199],"cause":[201],"significant":[203],"loss":[204],"operators,":[206],"they":[209],"should":[210],"pay":[211],"attention.":[212],"Meanwhile,":[213],"estimated":[215],"values":[216],"parameters":[218],"related":[219],"revenue":[221],"cost":[223],"affect":[224],"differently.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
