{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3102097628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13110284","title":"A Boundary Distance-Based Symbolic Aggregate Approximation Method for Time Series Data","display_name":"A Boundary Distance-Based Symbolic Aggregate Approximation Method for Time Series Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3102097628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13110284","mag":"3102097628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13110284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13110284","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/11/284/pdf?version=1604907188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/11/284/pdf?version=1604907188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080546057","display_name":"Zhenwen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-8791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001329122","display_name":"Shirong Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-2877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirong Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071393418","display_name":"Xiaogang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-7369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1010, Moscow, ID 83844-1010, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1010, Moscow, ID 83844-1010, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108578110","display_name":"Zhao Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080546057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.2123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79973667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"284","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7715662717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.7399886846542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.7381308078765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.6723548173904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6047830581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.5139471888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46209871768951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4541440010070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.44773828983306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-geometry","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","score":0.4210805296897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4119245409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4117623567581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.24864766001701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2461995780467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14438724517822266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7715662717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.7399886846542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7381308078765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.6723548173904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6047830581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.5139471888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46209871768951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4541440010070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.44773828983306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.4210805296897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4119245409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4117623567581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.24864766001701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2461995780467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14438724517822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13110284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13110284","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/11/284/pdf?version=1604907188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:899e8d83f76140c186abca16f08d2ef5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/899e8d83f76140c186abca16f08d2ef5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 284 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/13/11/284/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13110284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 284","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13110284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13110284","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/11/284/pdf?version=1604907188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3564949726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1711267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5551418344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41572314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6755056261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41972306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3102097628.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3102097628.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116902681","https://openalex.org/W119403003","https://openalex.org/W1853995153","https://openalex.org/W1965627686","https://openalex.org/W1989037929","https://openalex.org/W1995003166","https://openalex.org/W1997102766","https://openalex.org/W1997336782","https://openalex.org/W2018299776","https://openalex.org/W2022086727","https://openalex.org/W2062618908","https://openalex.org/W2066796814","https://openalex.org/W2068194158","https://openalex.org/W2093459922","https://openalex.org/W2100718094","https://openalex.org/W2103730486","https://openalex.org/W2128061541","https://openalex.org/W2132875213","https://openalex.org/W2138087993","https://openalex.org/W2147880780","https://openalex.org/W2164274563","https://openalex.org/W2402972623","https://openalex.org/W2964049638","https://openalex.org/W2988244882","https://openalex.org/W3147178137","https://openalex.org/W4247160275","https://openalex.org/W6661122342","https://openalex.org/W6679651670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090152127","https://openalex.org/W1965169884","https://openalex.org/W2008939113","https://openalex.org/W3125580510","https://openalex.org/W2033213447","https://openalex.org/W14679004","https://openalex.org/W1566651525","https://openalex.org/W2977652649","https://openalex.org/W2318206461","https://openalex.org/W37157938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large":[1],"amount":[2],"of":[3,16,80],"time":[4,28,44],"series":[5,29],"data":[6,59],"is":[7,25,112],"being":[8],"generated":[9],"every":[10],"day":[11],"in":[12,53,90],"a":[13,26,34,71,119,132],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"sensor":[17],"application":[18],"domains.":[19],"The":[20,136],"symbolic":[21],"aggregate":[22],"approximation":[23],"(SAX)":[24],"well-known":[27],"representation":[30,69,121],"method,":[31],"which":[32],"has":[33,47,70],"lower":[35],"bound":[36],"to":[37,102],"Euclidean":[38],"distance":[39,89,109,130],"and":[40,63,106,149],"may":[41,99],"discretize":[42],"continuous":[43],"series.":[45],"SAX":[46,68,83,108,129,145],"been":[48],"widely":[49],"used":[50],"for":[51],"applications":[52],"various":[54],"domains,":[55],"such":[56],"as":[57],"mobile":[58],"management,":[60],"financial":[61],"investment,":[62],"shape":[64],"discovery.":[65],"However,":[66],"the":[67,77,87,91,103,107,128,144],"limitation:":[72],"Symbols":[73],"are":[74],"mapped":[75,101],"from":[76],"average":[78,97],"values":[79,98],"segments,":[81],"but":[82],"does":[84],"not":[85],"consider":[86],"boundary":[88,134],"segments.":[92],"Different":[93],"segments":[94],"with":[95,131],"similar":[96],"be":[100],"same":[104],"symbols,":[105],"between":[110],"them":[111],"0.":[113],"In":[114],"this":[115],"paper,":[116],"we":[117],"propose":[118],"novel":[120],"named":[122],"SAX-BD":[123,141],"(boundary":[124],"distance)":[125],"by":[126],"integrating":[127],"weighted":[133],"distance.":[135],"experimental":[137],"results":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"significantly":[142],"outperforms":[143],"representation,":[146,148],"ESAX":[147],"SAX-TD":[150],"representation.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}
