{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3038410581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13070163","title":"An Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Risk Analysis Model (IT2FRAM) for Determining Construction Project Contingency Reserve","display_name":"An Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Risk Analysis Model (IT2FRAM) for Determining Construction Project Contingency Reserve","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3038410581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13070163","mag":"3038410581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13070163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13070163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/7/163/pdf?version=1595399543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/7/163/pdf?version=1595399543","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018403481","display_name":"Seyed Hamed Fateminia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-3440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Hamed Fateminia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009149528","display_name":"Vuppuluri Sumati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-6168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vuppuluri Sumati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002081285","display_name":"Aminah Robinson Fayek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3744-273X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aminah Robinson Fayek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002081285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.4819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84018265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"163","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.591978907585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vagueness","display_name":"Vagueness","score":0.5913301110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-function","display_name":"Membership function","score":0.5794503688812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.578594446182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.4896135926246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47869589924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"Contingency","score":0.4771401584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.4691794216632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-number","display_name":"Fuzzy number","score":0.46393588185310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44413506984710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-table","display_name":"Contingency table","score":0.43670815229415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.4224357604980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39387649297714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21239566802978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1953689455986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16063913702964783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.591978907585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776825360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411921","display_name":"Vagueness","level":3,"score":0.5913301110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5263885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967302","display_name":"Membership function","level":4,"score":0.5794503688812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.578594446182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4896135926246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47869589924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.4771401584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4691794216632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.46393588185310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44413506984710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91998498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541178","display_name":"Contingency table","level":2,"score":0.43670815229415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.4224357604980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39387649297714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21239566802978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1953689455986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16063913702964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13070163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13070163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/7/163/pdf?version=1595399543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bf7a363316c445780b7cbb3e9794f24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bf7a363316c445780b7cbb3e9794f24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 163 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/13/7/163/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13070163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13070163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13070163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/7/163/pdf?version=1595399543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8784149053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSERC IRCPJ 428226\u201315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038410581.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038410581.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480643874","https://openalex.org/W1490338671","https://openalex.org/W1524157153","https://openalex.org/W1752828987","https://openalex.org/W1787190784","https://openalex.org/W1971449183","https://openalex.org/W1977955720","https://openalex.org/W1980148269","https://openalex.org/W1991950139","https://openalex.org/W1995059863","https://openalex.org/W2000601026","https://openalex.org/W2014484727","https://openalex.org/W2018113971","https://openalex.org/W2020694587","https://openalex.org/W2022408418","https://openalex.org/W2023843216","https://openalex.org/W2027078465","https://openalex.org/W2037940305","https://openalex.org/W2046078150","https://openalex.org/W2047777882","https://openalex.org/W2061430293","https://openalex.org/W2104183979","https://openalex.org/W2115396953","https://openalex.org/W2116413426","https://openalex.org/W2117501337","https://openalex.org/W2128042275","https://openalex.org/W2132885717","https://openalex.org/W2138077811","https://openalex.org/W2141178894","https://openalex.org/W2152329090","https://openalex.org/W2153406165","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2316020619","https://openalex.org/W2798919688","https://openalex.org/W2894924275","https://openalex.org/W2900377972","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2955029676","https://openalex.org/W2955819361","https://openalex.org/W2980294816","https://openalex.org/W2989580318","https://openalex.org/W3004708159","https://openalex.org/W3139103610","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4235618471","https://openalex.org/W4240278385","https://openalex.org/W4253648186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2569278110","https://openalex.org/W90891034","https://openalex.org/W2116249946","https://openalex.org/W2804121587","https://openalex.org/W3186561448","https://openalex.org/W2775230136","https://openalex.org/W2781808531","https://openalex.org/W2193786643","https://openalex.org/W2375182298","https://openalex.org/W3163996039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Determining":[0],"contingency":[1,13,53,117],"reserve":[2,14],"is":[3,46,93,124,176],"critical":[4],"to":[5,22,50,65,135,180],"project":[6],"risk":[7,42,71,100,192],"management.":[8],"Classic":[9],"methods":[10],"of":[11,27,70,89,96,111,116,122,130,140,146,154,164,184],"determining":[12],"significantly":[15],"rely":[16],"on":[17],"historical":[18],"data":[19],"and":[20,33,72,79,86,107,113],"fail":[21],"effectively":[23],"incorporate":[24],"certain":[25],"types":[26],"uncertainties":[28,106],"such":[29,105],"as":[30],"vagueness,":[31],"ambiguity,":[32],"subjectivity.":[34],"In":[35,55],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"an":[38,94],"interval":[39,82],"type-2":[40,83],"fuzzy":[41,84,98],"analysis":[43,101,193],"model":[44],"(IT2FRAM)":[45],"introduced":[47],"in":[48,149,178,186],"order":[49,179],"determine":[51],"the":[52,57,61,67,73,87,109,128,137,144,151,162,182],"reserve.":[54],"IT2FRAM,":[56],"membership":[58,138,152,166,170],"functions":[59,139,153,167],"for":[60],"linguistic":[62,141,155],"terms":[63,156],"used":[64],"describe":[66],"probability,":[68],"impact":[69],"opportunity":[74],"events":[75],"are":[76,157],"developed,":[77],"optimized,":[78],"aggregated":[80],"using":[81],"sets":[85],"principle":[88],"justifiable":[90],"granularity.":[91],"IT2FRAM":[92,123,159,185],"extension":[95],"a":[97,191],"arithmetic-based":[99],"method":[102],"which":[103],"considers":[104,127],"addresses":[108],"limitations":[110],"probabilistic":[112],"deterministic":[114],"techniques":[115],"determination":[118],"methods.":[119],"The":[120],"contribution":[121],"that":[125],"it":[126],"opinions":[129,148],"several":[131],"subject":[132],"matter":[133],"experts":[134],"develop":[136],"terms.":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"effect":[145],"outlier":[147],"developing":[150],"reduced.":[158],"also":[160],"enables":[161],"aggregation":[163],"non-linear":[165],"into":[168],"trapezoidal":[169],"functions.":[171],"A":[172],"hypothetical":[173],"case":[174],"study":[175],"presented":[177],"illustrate":[181],"application":[183],"Fuzzy":[187],"Risk":[188],"Analyzer\u00a9":[189],"(FRA\u00a9),":[190],"software.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2020-07-10T00:00:00"}