{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009569330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13030062","title":"A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fault Diagnostic Algorithms: Current Progress and Future Challenges","display_name":"A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fault Diagnostic Algorithms: Current Progress and Future Challenges","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009569330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13030062","mag":"3009569330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13030062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13030062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/3/62/pdf?version=1583657272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/3/62/pdf?version=1583657272","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012099379","display_name":"Manh\u2010Kien Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manh-Kien Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002554251","display_name":"Michael Fowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-0336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002554251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":14.6596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":284,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99413054,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"62","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.7285186052322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-runaway","display_name":"Thermal runaway","score":0.7186126708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6968750953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6463721394538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.606551468372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-density","display_name":"Energy density","score":0.5640173554420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-battery","display_name":"Lithium-ion battery","score":0.48871731758117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","score":0.4673970341682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4169899821281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41617968678474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4105610251426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32368212938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18732336163520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11694800853729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11409330368041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.08453935384750366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.7285186052322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72688512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908282","display_name":"Thermal runaway","level":4,"score":0.7186126708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6968750953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6463721394538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.606551468372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983502797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828402","display_name":"Energy density","level":2,"score":0.5640173554420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2822895","display_name":"Lithium-ion battery","level":4,"score":0.48871731758117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.4673970341682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4169899821281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41617968678474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4105610251426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32368212938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18732336163520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11694800853729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11409330368041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.08453935384750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13030062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13030062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/3/62/pdf?version=1583657272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6ce50585401406cb8f6720786ccdcd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6ce50585401406cb8f6720786ccdcd4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 62 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/13/3/62/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13030062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13030062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13030062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/3/62/pdf?version=1583657272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322676","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009569330.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009569330.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72079471","https://openalex.org/W640146261","https://openalex.org/W891051372","https://openalex.org/W1052390988","https://openalex.org/W1762539409","https://openalex.org/W1948491096","https://openalex.org/W1969339994","https://openalex.org/W1988612928","https://openalex.org/W1994870699","https://openalex.org/W1996720804","https://openalex.org/W2010438696","https://openalex.org/W2014905068","https://openalex.org/W2018250161","https://openalex.org/W2020946024","https://openalex.org/W2023438140","https://openalex.org/W2033969310","https://openalex.org/W2037306196","https://openalex.org/W2042748513","https://openalex.org/W2050951128","https://openalex.org/W2054874351","https://openalex.org/W2078570225","https://openalex.org/W2079985616","https://openalex.org/W2085255923","https://openalex.org/W2098841048","https://openalex.org/W2104290818","https://openalex.org/W2131729122","https://openalex.org/W2133678125","https://openalex.org/W2135663228","https://openalex.org/W2146413967","https://openalex.org/W2189231559","https://openalex.org/W2208937774","https://openalex.org/W2209229310","https://openalex.org/W2213567422","https://openalex.org/W2283817508","https://openalex.org/W2288141994","https://openalex.org/W2290137674","https://openalex.org/W2316785399","https://openalex.org/W2341452074","https://openalex.org/W2464573397","https://openalex.org/W2496403198","https://openalex.org/W2511054926","https://openalex.org/W2512585696","https://openalex.org/W2527840932","https://openalex.org/W2552104536","https://openalex.org/W2554940833","https://openalex.org/W2568353580","https://openalex.org/W2568828645","https://openalex.org/W2601023681","https://openalex.org/W2617981574","https://openalex.org/W2620701824","https://openalex.org/W2624543473","https://openalex.org/W2730520466","https://openalex.org/W2735436997","https://openalex.org/W2745830303","https://openalex.org/W2765316395","https://openalex.org/W2768835165","https://openalex.org/W2771565023","https://openalex.org/W2782694030","https://openalex.org/W2790327493","https://openalex.org/W2792146865","https://openalex.org/W2793144343","https://openalex.org/W2795079499","https://openalex.org/W2800653691","https://openalex.org/W2801929616","https://openalex.org/W2805771039","https://openalex.org/W2807014913","https://openalex.org/W2808011319","https://openalex.org/W2809502094","https://openalex.org/W2811076665","https://openalex.org/W2888119964","https://openalex.org/W2891965167","https://openalex.org/W2893044924","https://openalex.org/W2894707925","https://openalex.org/W2902691130","https://openalex.org/W2903223816","https://openalex.org/W2910545060","https://openalex.org/W2912409471","https://openalex.org/W2922278482","https://openalex.org/W2965071968","https://openalex.org/W2971993340","https://openalex.org/W2977857575","https://openalex.org/W2983992229","https://openalex.org/W2995104800","https://openalex.org/W3123341353","https://openalex.org/W4312988810","https://openalex.org/W6640856944","https://openalex.org/W6696539112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321768714","https://openalex.org/W4285040576","https://openalex.org/W2995074223","https://openalex.org/W2357719166","https://openalex.org/W4366599341","https://openalex.org/W2885313900","https://openalex.org/W4400379436","https://openalex.org/W2032952916","https://openalex.org/W4224246090","https://openalex.org/W3092065928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108],"usage":[1],"of":[2,88,98,112],"Lithium-ion":[3],"(Li-ion)":[4],"batteries":[5],"has":[6],"increased":[7],"significantly":[8],"in":[9,60,130],"recent":[10],"years":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,39,77,81],"their":[14],"long":[15],"lifespan,":[16],"high":[17,20],"energy":[18],"density,":[19,22],"power":[21],"and":[23,29,42,66,73,85,105,110],"environmental":[24],"benefits.":[25],"However,":[26],"various":[27,99],"internal":[28],"external":[30],"faults":[31,71],"can":[32],"occur":[33],"during":[34],"the":[35,61,83,89,113],"battery":[36,62,90,124],"operation,":[37],"leading":[38],"performance":[40],"issues":[41],"potentially":[43],"serious":[44],"consequences,":[45],"such":[46],"as":[47,116,118],"thermal":[48],"runaway,":[49],"fires,":[50],"or":[51],"explosion.":[52],"Fault":[53],"diagnosis,":[54,126],"hence,":[55],"is":[56,67],"an":[57],"important":[58],"function":[59],"management":[63],"system":[64],"(BMS)":[65],"responsible":[68],"for":[69,122],"detecting":[70],"early":[72],"providing":[74],"control":[75],"actions":[76],"minimize":[78],"fault":[79,100,125],"effects,":[80],"ensure":[82],"safe":[84],"reliable":[86],"operation":[87],"system.":[91],"This":[92],"paper":[93],"provides":[94],"a":[95],"comprehensive":[96],"review":[97],"diagnostic":[101],"algorithms,":[102,115],"including":[103],"model-based":[104],"non-model-based":[106],"methods.":[107],"advantages":[109],"disadvantages":[111],"reviewed":[114],"well":[117],"some":[119],"future":[120],"challenges":[121],"Li-ion":[123],"are":[127],"also":[128],"discussed":[129],"this":[131],"paper.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}