{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994875127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010002","title":"Journey Planning Algorithms for Massive Delay-Prone Transit Networks","display_name":"Journey Planning Algorithms for Massive Delay-Prone Transit Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994875127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010002","mag":"2994875127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/2/pdf?version=1579591938","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/2/pdf?version=1579591938","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036014692","display_name":"Mattia D\u2019Emidio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-9520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia D\u2019Emidio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072317866","display_name":"Imran Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150763","display_name":"Gran Sasso Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/043qcb444","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Viale Francesco Crispi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Viale Francesco Crispi, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Viale Francesco Crispi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Viale Francesco Crispi, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022524777","display_name":"Daniele Frigioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-8813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Frigioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072317866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47687332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8616472482681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5850363373756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5144762992858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.5104400515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4753256142139435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-closure","display_name":"Transitive closure","score":0.4540785253047943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4224892854690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37246084213256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35444509983062744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8616472482681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5850363373756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5144762992858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.5104400515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4753256142139435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128896722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501387","display_name":"Transitive closure","level":2,"score":0.4540785253047943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4224892854690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37246084213256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35444509983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/2/pdf?version=1579591938","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/13/1/2/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13010002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:204234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/204234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/2/pdf?version=1579591938","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994875127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994875127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150835238","https://openalex.org/W805408692","https://openalex.org/W1779869868","https://openalex.org/W1964915778","https://openalex.org/W1971864278","https://openalex.org/W1984336731","https://openalex.org/W1987480024","https://openalex.org/W1994924587","https://openalex.org/W2037403365","https://openalex.org/W2049639176","https://openalex.org/W2066047491","https://openalex.org/W2101810346","https://openalex.org/W2104317982","https://openalex.org/W2131692673","https://openalex.org/W2240997388","https://openalex.org/W2243999458","https://openalex.org/W2521156689","https://openalex.org/W2533446415","https://openalex.org/W2599817911","https://openalex.org/W2760909007","https://openalex.org/W2771275219","https://openalex.org/W2809499769","https://openalex.org/W2906684633","https://openalex.org/W2912491091","https://openalex.org/W2952476710","https://openalex.org/W2954561530","https://openalex.org/W2963794747","https://openalex.org/W2980304837","https://openalex.org/W6690662118","https://openalex.org/W6744651666","https://openalex.org/W6744704725","https://openalex.org/W6756382112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359423766","https://openalex.org/W1600485007","https://openalex.org/W2364216866","https://openalex.org/W2362009423","https://openalex.org/W2614633957","https://openalex.org/W2391894074","https://openalex.org/W2070131906","https://openalex.org/W1546475804","https://openalex.org/W2365750584","https://openalex.org/W2070329106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,99,192,353],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,8,14,27,72,83,90,110,113,175,212,260,263,270,280,299,304,318,325,347,365],"journey":[4,47,366],"planning":[5,367],"problem":[6,28,368],"in":[7,93,174,243,369],"context":[9],"of":[10,16,23,109,112,119,146,254,282,311],"transit":[11,114,152,245,371],"networks.":[12,246,293,372],"Given":[13],"timetable":[15],"a":[17,46,50,56,106,117,128,178,194,235,251,267],"schedule-based":[18],"transportation":[19],"system":[20],"(consisting,":[21],"e.g.,":[22],"trains,":[24],"buses,":[25],"etc.),":[26],"seeks":[29,36],"journeys":[30],"optimizing":[31],"some":[32],"criteria.":[33],"Specifically,":[34],"it":[35],"to":[37,68,141,144,162,171,241,257,341,363],"answer":[38,142],"natural":[39],"queries":[40,145,187],"such":[41,120],"as,":[42],"for":[43,66,89],"example,":[44],"\u201cfind":[45],"starting":[48],"from":[49,214,276,320,349],"source":[51],"stop":[52,58],"and":[53,139,186,262,328,335],"arriving":[54],"at":[55,148],"target":[57],"as":[59,61,210],"early":[60],"possible\u201d.":[62],"The":[63],"fastest":[64],"approach":[65,362],"answering":[67],"these":[69],"queries,":[70],"yielding":[71],"smallest":[73],"average":[74],"query":[75,134,332],"time":[76,92,221,301,333],"even":[77],"on":[78,291,308],"very":[79],"large":[80],"networks,":[81],"is":[82,167,193,359],"Public":[84],"Transit":[85],"Labeling":[86],"framework,":[87],"proposed":[88],"first":[91],"Delling":[94],"et":[95],"al.,":[96],"SEA":[97],"2015.":[98],"method":[100],"combines":[101],"three":[102],"main":[103],"ingredients:":[104],"(i)":[105,138,298],"graph-based":[107],"representation":[108],"schedule":[111],"network;":[115],"(ii)":[116,140,324],"labeling":[118,213,265,329],"graph":[121,261,327],"encoding":[122],"its":[123],"transitive":[124],"closure":[125],"(computed":[126],"via":[127,322,351],"time-consuming":[129],"pre-processing);":[130],"(iii)":[131],"an":[132,286,360],"efficient":[133],"algorithm":[135],"exploiting":[136],"both":[137,259,331],"quickly":[143],"interest":[147],"runtime.":[149],"Unfortunately,":[150],"while":[151],"networks\u2019":[153],"timetables":[154],"are":[155,159,224,339,344],"inherently":[156],"dynamic":[157],"(they":[158],"often":[160],"subject":[161],"delays":[163],"or":[164,206],"disruptions),":[165],"ptl":[166,240],"not":[168,225],"natively":[169],"designed":[170],"handle":[172],"updates":[173],"schedule\u2014even":[176],"after":[177,216],"single":[179],"change,":[180,218],"precomputed":[181,264],"data":[182],"may":[183],"become":[184],"outdated":[185],"can":[188],"return":[189],"incorrect":[190],"results.":[191],"major":[195],"limitation,":[196],"especially":[197],"when":[198],"dealing":[199],"with":[200,227],"massively":[201],"sized":[202,208],"inputs":[203],"(e.g.,":[204],"metropolitan":[205],"continental":[207],"networks),":[209],"recomputing":[211],"scratch,":[215],"each":[217],"yields":[219],"unsustainable":[220],"overheads":[222],"that":[223,238,315,338,343,355],"compatible":[226],"interactive":[228],"applications.":[229],"In":[230,247],"this":[231],"work,":[232],"we":[233,249],"introduce":[234],"new":[236,252,305,357],"framework":[237],"extends":[239],"function":[242],"delay-prone":[244,370],"particular,":[248],"provide":[250],"set":[253],"algorithms":[255,306],"able":[256],"update":[258,300],"whenever":[266],"delay":[268],"affects":[269],"network,":[271],"without":[272],"performing":[273],"any":[274],"recomputation":[275,319,348],"scratch.":[277],"We":[278],"demonstrate":[279],"effectiveness":[281],"our":[283,356],"solution":[284,358],"through":[285],"extensive":[287],"experimental":[288],"evaluation":[289],"conducted":[290],"real-world":[292],"Our":[294],"experiments":[295],"show":[296],"that:":[297],"required":[302,316],"by":[303,317,346],"is,":[307],"average,":[309],"orders":[310],"magnitude":[312],"smaller":[313],"than":[314],"scratch":[321,350],"ptl;":[323],"updated":[326],"induce":[330],"performance":[334],"space":[336],"overhead":[337],"equivalent":[340],"those":[342],"obtained":[345],"ptl.":[352],"suggests":[354],"effective":[361],"handling":[364]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}