{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990057796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12120258","title":"Improved Bilateral Filtering for a Gaussian Pyramid Structure-Based Image Enhancement Algorithm","display_name":"Improved Bilateral Filtering for a Gaussian Pyramid Structure-Based Image Enhancement Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990057796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12120258","mag":"2990057796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12120258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12120258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/12/258/pdf?version=1576663697","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/12/258/pdf?version=1576663697","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101979218","display_name":"Lin Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-3310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64449678","display_name":"Putian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmsxk74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Measurement and Laser Nondestructive Detection Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China","Marine Engineering College and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Marine and Ocean Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China","School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Measurement and Laser Nondestructive Detection Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Marine and Ocean Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031718206","display_name":"Haifeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-9570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hai-feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Measurement and Laser Nondestructive Detection Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China","Marine Engineering College and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Marine and Ocean Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Measurement and Laser Nondestructive Detection Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Marine and Ocean Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718730","display_name":"Chen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1740-0804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Engineering College and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Marine and Ocean Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Engineering College and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Marine and Ocean Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031718206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.4082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66631478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"258","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7401162385940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-constancy","display_name":"Color constancy","score":0.697657585144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6613805890083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5300787687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-filter","display_name":"Bilateral filter","score":0.5178490281105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4836812913417816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-space","display_name":"RGB color space","score":0.4811743199825287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.47935086488723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4712512791156769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.4176775813102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.3978506922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3858283758163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3215346932411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.281386137008667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7401162385940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.697657585144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6613805890083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5300787687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156140930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860417","display_name":"Bilateral filter","level":3,"score":0.5178490281105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4836812913417816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84216515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375677","display_name":"RGB color space","level":5,"score":0.4811743199825287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.47935086488723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4712512791156769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4176775813102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.3978506922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3858283758163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3215346932411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.281386137008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12120258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12120258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/12/258/pdf?version=1576663697","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/12/12/258/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12120258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12120258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12120258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/12/258/pdf?version=1576663697","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2228627029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018J01495","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7008777212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51179074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325565","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325924","display_name":"Putian Science and Technology Bureau","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990057796.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990057796.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127611697","https://openalex.org/W1997794598","https://openalex.org/W2009272644","https://openalex.org/W2038505380","https://openalex.org/W2041108420","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2049972837","https://openalex.org/W2057203222","https://openalex.org/W2060488209","https://openalex.org/W2062033869","https://openalex.org/W2087671401","https://openalex.org/W2088866639","https://openalex.org/W2094804645","https://openalex.org/W2103504761","https://openalex.org/W2114582993","https://openalex.org/W2121900453","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2146086273","https://openalex.org/W2150721269","https://openalex.org/W2756330171","https://openalex.org/W2767719551","https://openalex.org/W2791710889","https://openalex.org/W2810033989","https://openalex.org/W2895219659","https://openalex.org/W2905068890","https://openalex.org/W2911951412","https://openalex.org/W4251498103","https://openalex.org/W4377997173","https://openalex.org/W6649877562","https://openalex.org/W6660131355","https://openalex.org/W6672729097","https://openalex.org/W6675077989","https://openalex.org/W6678053086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106082780","https://openalex.org/W2736707178","https://openalex.org/W2287338218","https://openalex.org/W4284968418","https://openalex.org/W2412212709","https://openalex.org/W2391227053","https://openalex.org/W2377615564","https://openalex.org/W759977952","https://openalex.org/W2058911135","https://openalex.org/W935310273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,51],"address":[1],"the":[2,22,35,40,46,55,66,72,84,92,96,120,147,153,156,163,171,180,183],"problem":[3],"of":[4,45,95,126,140,155,182],"unclear":[5],"images":[6,125,142],"affected":[7,112],"by":[8,113,194],"occlusion":[9],"from":[10,167],"fog,":[11],"we":[12,53],"propose":[13],"an":[14,59,103],"improved":[15,60,148],"Retinex":[16,42,149],"image":[17,79,104,176,185],"enhancement":[18],"algorithm":[19,27,150,173],"based":[20,64],"on":[21,65],"Gaussian":[23,36,136],"pyramid":[24,137],"transformation.":[25],"Our":[26],"features":[28],"bilateral":[29,61],"filtering":[30,62],"as":[31,49],"a":[32,195],"replacement":[33],"for":[34,58],"function":[37,63,70],"used":[38],"in":[39,115,187],"original":[41],"algorithm.":[43,165],"Operation":[44],"technique":[47],"is":[48,186],"follows.":[50],"begin,":[52],"deduced":[54],"mathematical":[56],"model":[57],"spatial":[67],"domain":[68],"kernel":[69],"and":[71,109,179],"pixel":[73],"difference":[74],"parameter.":[75],"The":[76],"input":[77],"RGB":[78,121],"was":[80,99,143,160],"subsequently":[81],"converted":[82],"into":[83],"Hue":[85],"Saturation":[86],"Intensity":[87],"(HSI)":[88],"color":[89,122,124,181],"space,":[90,123],"where":[91],"reflection":[93,128],"component":[94,129],"intensity":[97],"channel":[98],"extracted":[100],"to":[101,119,151],"obtain":[102],"whose":[105],"edges":[106],"were":[107,130],"retained":[108],"are":[110],"not":[111],"changes":[114],"brightness.":[116],"Following":[117],"reconversion":[118],"this":[127],"obtained":[131],"at":[132],"different":[133],"resolutions":[134],"using":[135,146,162],"down-sampling.":[138],"Each":[139],"these":[141],"then":[144],"processed":[145,184],"improve":[152],"contrast":[154,177],"final":[157],"image,":[158],"which":[159],"reconstructed":[161],"Laplace":[164],"Results":[166],"experiments":[168],"show":[169],"that":[170],"proposed":[172],"can":[174],"enhance":[175],"effectively,":[178],"line":[188],"with":[189],"what":[190],"would":[191],"be":[192],"perceived":[193],"human":[196],"observer.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}