{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2942526167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12050094","title":"A Cyclical Non-Linear Inertia-Weighted Teaching\u2013Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"A Cyclical Non-Linear Inertia-Weighted Teaching\u2013Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2942526167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12050094","mag":"2942526167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12050094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12050094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/5/94/pdf?version=1556865852","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/5/94/pdf?version=1556865852","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101422887","display_name":"Zongsheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5366-3930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118093","display_name":"Xianyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r45yt97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118093"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongsheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118093"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012791993","display_name":"Ru Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165225704","display_name":"Xizang Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/042170a43","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ru Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012791993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79766468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"94","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7777312994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.759221076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6232682466506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6106774806976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5115655064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5012061595916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.49325627088546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.4912204146385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.4496878683567047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.41663646697998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41287919878959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3259231150150299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3106997013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.16391029953956604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7777312994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.759221076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6232682466506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6106774806976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5115655064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5012061595916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.49325627088546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.4912204146385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4496878683567047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41663646697998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41287919878959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3259231150150299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3106997013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.16391029953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12050094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12050094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/5/94/pdf?version=1556865852","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f19cf195547d406d9a83327ce041d0c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f19cf195547d406d9a83327ce041d0c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 94 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/12/5/94/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12050094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12050094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12050094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/5/94/pdf?version=1556865852","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2942526167.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2942526167.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594022566","https://openalex.org/W1835176610","https://openalex.org/W1965811262","https://openalex.org/W1977042441","https://openalex.org/W1983833629","https://openalex.org/W1999284878","https://openalex.org/W2001422417","https://openalex.org/W2013203042","https://openalex.org/W2018571946","https://openalex.org/W2026267944","https://openalex.org/W2032642129","https://openalex.org/W2047626401","https://openalex.org/W2060697127","https://openalex.org/W2064002467","https://openalex.org/W2066650517","https://openalex.org/W2085331740","https://openalex.org/W2088036356","https://openalex.org/W2094340389","https://openalex.org/W2108270451","https://openalex.org/W2114652055","https://openalex.org/W2118840131","https://openalex.org/W2131613989","https://openalex.org/W2152178978","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2590473916","https://openalex.org/W2604750196","https://openalex.org/W2610760623","https://openalex.org/W2742872593","https://openalex.org/W2787138227","https://openalex.org/W2788378051","https://openalex.org/W2792209658","https://openalex.org/W2802384355","https://openalex.org/W2806408894","https://openalex.org/W2883628028","https://openalex.org/W2903578050","https://openalex.org/W3021250753","https://openalex.org/W6656781337","https://openalex.org/W6666978902","https://openalex.org/W6684237752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W4230315250","https://openalex.org/W2392575350","https://openalex.org/W16835151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"the":[1,19,54,59,72,77,84,88,100,106,124,137,154],"teaching\u2013learning-based":[2,38],"optimization":[3,29,39,117],"(TLBO)":[4],"algorithm":[5,41,45,126],"was":[6],"proposed,":[7],"many":[8],"improved":[9],"algorithms":[10,147],"have":[11],"been":[12],"presented":[13],"in":[14],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"which":[17],"simulate":[18],"teaching\u2013learning":[20],"phenomenon":[21],"of":[22,62,87,111,142],"a":[23,34,47,66,160],"classroom":[24],"to":[25,57,70,82],"effectively":[26],"solve":[27],"global":[28,129],"problems.":[30],"In":[31,80],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"cyclical":[35,48],"non-linear":[36,49,67],"inertia-weighted":[37],"(CNIWTLBO)":[40],"is":[42,92],"presented.":[43],"This":[44],"introduces":[46],"inertia":[50],"weighted":[51],"factor":[52,69],"into":[53],"basic":[55,107,138],"TLBO":[56,112,143],"control":[58,71],"memory":[60],"rate":[61],"learners,":[63],"and":[64,99,113,132,144,150],"uses":[65],"mutation":[68,74],"learner\u2019s":[73],"randomly":[75],"during":[76],"learning":[78],"process.":[79],"order":[81],"prove":[83],"significant":[85],"performance":[86],"proposed":[89,125],"algorithm,":[90],"it":[91],"tested":[93],"on":[94],"some":[95,109,114,140,145],"classical":[96],"benchmark":[97],"functions":[98],"comparison":[101],"results":[102,121],"are":[103],"provided":[104],"against":[105],"TLBO,":[108,139],"variants":[110,141],"other":[115,146],"well-known":[116],"algorithms.":[118],"The":[119],"experimental":[120],"show":[122],"that":[123],"has":[127],"better":[128],"search":[130,134],"ability":[131],"higher":[133],"accuracy":[135],"than":[136],"as":[148],"well,":[149],"can":[151],"escape":[152],"from":[153],"local":[155],"minimum":[156],"easily,":[157],"while":[158],"keeping":[159],"faster":[161],"convergence":[162],"rate.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}