{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2937344974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12040078","title":"Applications of Non-Uniquely Decodable Codes to Privacy-Preserving High-Entropy Data Representation","display_name":"Applications of Non-Uniquely Decodable Codes to Privacy-Preserving High-Entropy Data Representation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2937344974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12040078","mag":"2937344974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12040078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12040078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/4/78/pdf?version=1555493210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/4/78/pdf?version=1555493210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024416450","display_name":"M. O\u011fuzhan K\u00fclek\u00e7i","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-6261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed O\u011fuzhan K\u00fclekci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-6261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112481519","display_name":"Yasin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024416450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02987828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"78","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huffman-coding","display_name":"Huffman coding","score":0.8288050293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7902573347091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefix-code","display_name":"Prefix code","score":0.6687803268432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.6064727306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5288969874382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4900251626968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-word","display_name":"Code word","score":0.48940911889076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4619617164134979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.4321518540382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.39332860708236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.3618152141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3122071921825409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.8288050293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7902573347091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20079647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278039","display_name":"Prefix code","level":5,"score":0.6687803268432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.6064727306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5288969874382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4900251626968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153207627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863873","display_name":"Code word","level":3,"score":0.48940911889076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4619617164134979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.4321518540382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.39332860708236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.3618152141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3122071921825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12040078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12040078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/4/78/pdf?version=1555493210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e6d50fb010e40b6b03ab57e87d0d840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e6d50fb010e40b6b03ab57e87d0d840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 78 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/54969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/54969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a12040078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a12040078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/12/4/78/pdf?version=1555493210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1144453413","display_name":"\u00d6nek-Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z-Olmayan Kodlar Ve Uygulamalar\u0131","funder_award_id":"117E865","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2937344974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2937344974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498887648","https://openalex.org/W1535755777","https://openalex.org/W1949346071","https://openalex.org/W1973977583","https://openalex.org/W1990979552","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2041253518","https://openalex.org/W2063160981","https://openalex.org/W2072847621","https://openalex.org/W2092507086","https://openalex.org/W2096333427","https://openalex.org/W2096890125","https://openalex.org/W2102844998","https://openalex.org/W2112206685","https://openalex.org/W2112449438","https://openalex.org/W2115109072","https://openalex.org/W2126655973","https://openalex.org/W2142090582","https://openalex.org/W2159682369","https://openalex.org/W2163005732","https://openalex.org/W2163833991","https://openalex.org/W2171126197","https://openalex.org/W2260910122","https://openalex.org/W2604604360","https://openalex.org/W2809824763","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6648146806","https://openalex.org/W6680069365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056723920","https://openalex.org/W4237802754","https://openalex.org/W2011506041","https://openalex.org/W2166346116","https://openalex.org/W4296567424","https://openalex.org/W4312409941","https://openalex.org/W2125569068","https://openalex.org/W2078591209","https://openalex.org/W2964279123","https://openalex.org/W3143996415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-uniquely-decodable":[0],"(non-UD)":[1],"codes":[2,8,55,96,124,212],"can":[3,29,90,213],"be":[4,11,30,214],"defined":[5],"as":[6,163,200,202,245],"the":[7,21,37,73,87,114,129,132,164,168,172,197,203,228,242],"that":[9,86,206,210,221],"cannot":[10],"uniquely":[12],"decoded":[13],"without":[14],"additional":[15,99],"disambiguation":[16,74,165],"information.":[17],"These":[18],"are":[19,145],"mainly":[20],"class":[22],"of":[23,33,101,131,153,182,189,205,227,241],"non\u2013prefix\u2013free":[24],"codes,":[25],"where":[26,142,170],"a":[27,31,62,110,155,236],"code-word":[28,38],"prefix":[32],"other(s),":[34],"and":[35,167,195],"thus,":[36],"boundary":[39],"information":[40,75,166],"is":[41,109,184,232],"essential":[42],"for":[43,192],"correct":[44],"decoding.":[45,207],"Due":[46],"to":[47,71,94,217,223],"their":[48],"inherent":[49],"unique":[50],"decodability":[51],"problem,":[52],"such":[53,139,154],"non-UD":[54,123],"have":[56],"not":[57],"received":[58],"much":[59],"attention":[60],"except":[61],"few":[63],"studies,":[64],"in":[65,105,113,125],"which":[66,108],"using":[67],"compressed":[68,106],"data":[69,174,229,231],"structures":[70],"represent":[72],"efficiently":[76],"had":[77,82],"been":[78,83],"previously":[79],"proposed.":[80],"It":[81],"shown":[84],"before":[85],"compression":[88],"ratio":[89],"get":[91],"quite":[92],"close":[93],"Huffman/Arithmetic":[95],"with":[97,157],"an":[98,215],"capability":[100],"providing":[102],"direct":[103],"access":[104],"data,":[107],"missing":[111],"feature":[112],"regular":[115],"Huffman":[116],"codes.":[117],"In":[118],"this":[119,190],"study":[120,196],"we":[121],"investigate":[122],"another":[126],"dimension":[127],"addressing":[128],"privacy":[130,193],"high-entropy":[133],"data.":[134],"We":[135,186,208,234],"particularly":[136],"focus":[137],"on":[138],"massive":[140],"volumes,":[141],"typical":[143],"examples":[144],"encoded":[146],"video":[147],"or":[148],"similar":[149],"multimedia":[150],"files.":[151],"Representation":[152],"volume":[156],"non\u2013UD":[158],"coding":[159],"creates":[160],"two":[161],"elements":[162,177],"payload,":[169],"decoding":[171],"original":[173],"from":[175],"these":[176],"becomes":[178],"hard":[179],"when":[180,230],"one":[181],"them":[183],"missing.":[185],"make":[187],"use":[188],"observation":[191],"concerns.":[194],"space":[198],"consumption":[199],"well":[201],"hardness":[204],"conclude":[209],"non-uniquely-decodable":[211],"alternative":[216],"selective":[218],"encryption":[219],"schemes":[220],"aim":[222],"secure":[224],"only":[225],"part":[226],"huge.":[233],"provide":[235],"freely":[237],"available":[238],"software":[239],"implementation":[240],"proposed":[243],"scheme":[244],"well.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}