{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904336867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120206","title":"Optimal Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Heart Rate Level Classification Systems Using the Bird Swarm Algorithm","display_name":"Optimal Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Heart Rate Level Classification Systems Using the Bird Swarm Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904336867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120206","mag":"2904336867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11120206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/206/pdf?version=1573729945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/206/pdf?version=1573729945","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086954366","display_name":"Ivette Miramontes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5013-9500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivette Miramontes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, 22379 Tijuana, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5013-9500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, 22379 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078175632","display_name":"Juan Carlos Guzm\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-876X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Guzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, 22379 Tijuana, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-876X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, 22379 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090320352","display_name":"Patricia Mel\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Melin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, 22379 Tijuana, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-1426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, 22379 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062829166","display_name":"German Prado-Arechiga","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Prado-Arechiga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardio diagnostico Excel Medical Center, 22010 Tijuana, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardio diagnostico Excel Medical Center, 22010 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090320352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.0082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94949158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"206","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-classification","display_name":"Fuzzy classification","score":0.6113618016242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6095041632652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defuzzification","display_name":"Defuzzification","score":0.5919944047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.5604523420333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-function","display_name":"Membership function","score":0.5422850251197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-number","display_name":"Fuzzy number","score":0.5300376415252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5140889286994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set-operations","display_name":"Fuzzy set operations","score":0.5096473693847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-rule","display_name":"Fuzzy rule","score":0.4715923070907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.4629223346710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.456666499376297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4452442526817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.44437357783317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43205496668815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.420035183429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuro-fuzzy","display_name":"Neuro-fuzzy","score":0.4174852967262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3892245590686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38248783349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.372286319732666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127385683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475696","display_name":"Fuzzy classification","level":4,"score":0.6113618016242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6095041632652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170260401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251735","display_name":"Defuzzification","level":5,"score":0.5919944047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5604523420333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5263885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967302","display_name":"Membership function","level":4,"score":0.5422850251197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.5300376415252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5140889286994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511133","display_name":"Fuzzy set operations","level":4,"score":0.5096473693847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511139","display_name":"Fuzzy rule","level":4,"score":0.4715923070907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4629223346710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.456666499376297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4452442526817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.44437357783317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43205496668815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.420035183429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29470771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4165150","display_name":"Neuro-fuzzy","level":4,"score":0.4174852967262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3892245590686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38248783349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.372286319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11120206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/206/pdf?version=1573729945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf6c49904df74b05932c1b20543ea057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf6c49904df74b05932c1b20543ea057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 206 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/11/12/206/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11120206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11120206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/206/pdf?version=1573729945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3775090651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"246774","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97102382","https://openalex.org/W130151125","https://openalex.org/W250502287","https://openalex.org/W276507128","https://openalex.org/W826732323","https://openalex.org/W956221705","https://openalex.org/W1826740954","https://openalex.org/W2060658249","https://openalex.org/W2078034814","https://openalex.org/W2078561738","https://openalex.org/W2108384566","https://openalex.org/W2117034207","https://openalex.org/W2133416234","https://openalex.org/W2146439308","https://openalex.org/W2150905401","https://openalex.org/W2161961282","https://openalex.org/W2237685256","https://openalex.org/W2402955947","https://openalex.org/W2423897438","https://openalex.org/W2489945903","https://openalex.org/W2510664958","https://openalex.org/W2560228494","https://openalex.org/W2593512320","https://openalex.org/W2636936327","https://openalex.org/W2735755429","https://openalex.org/W2760546020","https://openalex.org/W2783252055","https://openalex.org/W2802348097","https://openalex.org/W2807517403","https://openalex.org/W2811002057","https://openalex.org/W2888600086","https://openalex.org/W2889244446","https://openalex.org/W2906939309","https://openalex.org/W2946972366","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4238271629","https://openalex.org/W4254114161","https://openalex.org/W4255483485","https://openalex.org/W6684062410","https://openalex.org/W6717907380","https://openalex.org/W6734725978","https://openalex.org/W6744831065","https://openalex.org/W6757694785","https://openalex.org/W6763096349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2674573885","https://openalex.org/W1487720066","https://openalex.org/W2781808531","https://openalex.org/W1975005191","https://openalex.org/W3107001035","https://openalex.org/W4361984403","https://openalex.org/W3207735076","https://openalex.org/W1501518539","https://openalex.org/W2066929655","https://openalex.org/W2791187250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,26,89],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,14,17,34,43,46,59,65,69,78,91,106,114,121,137,143,151,164,197,212,215],"optimal":[4,35,152],"designs":[5],"of":[6,16,25,37,45,61,64,68,145,154,167],"type-1":[7,99,123],"and":[8,81,87,104,113,162],"interval":[9,38,138],"type-2":[10,39,139],"fuzzy":[11,40,52,70,100,124,140,169,175],"systems":[12,41,71,101,125,176],"for":[13,32,42,88,135],"classification":[15,44,79,165,184],"heart":[18,47],"rate":[19,48,80,166],"level":[20],"are":[21,102,130],"presented.":[22],"The":[23,51],"contribution":[24],"work":[27],"is":[28,72,172],"a":[29,83,133,182,204],"proposed":[30],"approach":[31],"achieving":[33],"design":[36],"in":[49,74],"patients.":[50],"rule":[53],"base":[54],"was":[55,95,147],"designed":[56,103,187],"based":[57],"on":[58],"knowledge":[60],"experts.":[62],"Optimization":[63],"membership":[66,111,118,179,190],"functions":[67,112,180],"done":[73],"order":[75],"to":[76,149,201],"improve":[77],"provide":[82,181],"more":[84],"accurate":[85],"diagnosis,":[86],"goal":[90],"Bird":[92,208],"Swarm":[93,209],"Algorithm":[94,200,210],"used.":[96],"Two":[97],"different":[98,158],"optimized,":[105],"first":[107],"one":[108,213],"with":[109,116,160,177,188,196,207,214],"trapezoidal":[110,189],"second":[115],"Gaussian":[117,178],"functions.":[119,191],"Once":[120],"best":[122,216],"have":[126],"been":[127],"obtained,":[128],"these":[129],"considered":[131],"as":[132],"basis":[134],"designing":[136],"systems,":[141],"where":[142],"footprint":[144],"uncertainty":[146],"optimized":[148],"find":[150],"representation":[153],"uncertainty.":[155],"After":[156],"performing":[157],"tests":[159,193],"patients":[161],"comparing":[163],"each":[168],"system,":[170],"it":[171],"concluded":[173],"that":[174],"better":[183],"than":[185],"those":[186],"Additionally,":[192],"were":[194],"performed":[195],"Crow":[198],"Search":[199],"carry":[202],"out":[203],"performance":[205],"comparison,":[206],"being":[211],"results.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}