{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905531281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120205","title":"Optimal Sliding Mode Control for an Active Suspension System Based on a Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Optimal Sliding Mode Control for an Active Suspension System Based on a Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905531281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120205","mag":"2905531281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11120205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/205/pdf?version=1544781628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/205/pdf?version=1544781628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613560","display_name":"Chen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101869747","display_name":"Xinhui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8946-9427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344370","display_name":"Chen Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-2629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012475134","display_name":"Feixiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feixiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-1924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056077290","display_name":"Bing-wei Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingwei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100344370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":4.1514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93773143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"205","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10690","display_name":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10690","display_name":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-suspension","display_name":"Active suspension","score":0.8165071606636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7319578528404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-mode-control","display_name":"Sliding mode control","score":0.7064551115036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.7051941156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6420198678970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6079337000846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060130596160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suspension","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","score":0.5880253314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.466957151889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4546911120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.44444796442985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.35800862312316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22245556116104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16033020615577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.11727461218833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.0966004729270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08610761165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.06937962770462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05414783954620361}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778293426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173613","display_name":"Active suspension","level":3,"score":0.8165071606636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7319578528404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36662352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008560","display_name":"Sliding mode control","level":3,"score":0.7064551115036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.7051941156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6420198678970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6079337000846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060130596160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105341887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307987","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","level":3,"score":0.5880253314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.466957151889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4546911120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.44444796442985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.35800862312316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22245556116104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16033020615577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.11727461218833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0966004729270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08610761165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.06937962770462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05414783954620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5961521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746083","display_name":"Homotopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11120205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/205/pdf?version=1544781628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:416c4ef26d524d4da2330568a8a08007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/416c4ef26d524d4da2330568a8a08007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 205 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/11/12/205/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11120205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11120205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11120205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/12/205/pdf?version=1544781628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152123033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0802904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905531281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905531281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W363135208","https://openalex.org/W1186966557","https://openalex.org/W1268656999","https://openalex.org/W1509290585","https://openalex.org/W2029639949","https://openalex.org/W2076138414","https://openalex.org/W2083399701","https://openalex.org/W2097571405","https://openalex.org/W2379193130","https://openalex.org/W2418200101","https://openalex.org/W2562594594","https://openalex.org/W2583700127","https://openalex.org/W2594765916","https://openalex.org/W2619376849","https://openalex.org/W2736572024","https://openalex.org/W2751342164","https://openalex.org/W2757214378","https://openalex.org/W2768518760","https://openalex.org/W2786046247","https://openalex.org/W2790218205","https://openalex.org/W2794926501","https://openalex.org/W2795326366","https://openalex.org/W2797505177","https://openalex.org/W2799397417","https://openalex.org/W2800744107","https://openalex.org/W2802179736","https://openalex.org/W2802737839","https://openalex.org/W2805817254","https://openalex.org/W2805993828","https://openalex.org/W2891756824","https://openalex.org/W2897292219","https://openalex.org/W3100117135","https://openalex.org/W6627720028","https://openalex.org/W6628271383","https://openalex.org/W6745747254","https://openalex.org/W6749900104","https://openalex.org/W6751572740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285215840","https://openalex.org/W2592982177","https://openalex.org/W2579949583","https://openalex.org/W2199245435","https://openalex.org/W4255711316","https://openalex.org/W2350643431","https://openalex.org/W4391042302","https://openalex.org/W2386867276","https://openalex.org/W2379980535","https://openalex.org/W2389604225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,67,72,82,122],"improve":[3],"the":[4,32,39,46,50,69,74,84,93,96,100,111,118,131,143],"dynamic":[5],"quality":[6],"of":[7,38,49,87,95],"traditional":[8,144],"sliding":[9,19,60],"mode":[10,20,61],"control":[11,21,36,62,73,97,120,140],"for":[12],"an":[13,17,88],"active":[14,40,53,70,75],"suspension":[15,41,54,76],"system,":[16],"optimal":[18],"(OSMC)":[22],"based":[23,105],"on":[24,106],"a":[25,59,136],"genetic":[26],"algorithm":[27],"(GA)":[28],"is":[29,56,65,80,103],"proposed.":[30],"First,":[31],"overall":[33],"structure":[34],"and":[35,92,110,115],"principle":[37],"system":[42,55],"are":[43,113],"introduced.":[44],"Second,":[45],"mathematical":[47],"model":[48,102],"quarter":[51],"car":[52],"established.":[57],"Third,":[58],"(SMC)":[63],"controller":[64,133],"designed":[66],"manipulate":[68],"force":[71],"system.":[77],"Fourth,":[78],"GA":[79,137],"applied":[81],"optimize":[83],"weight":[85],"coefficients":[86],"SMC":[89,145],"switching":[90],"function":[91],"parameters":[94],"law.":[98],"Finally,":[99],"simulation":[101,127],"built":[104],"MATLAB/Simulink":[107],"(version":[108],"2014a),":[109],"simulations":[112],"performed":[114],"analyzed":[116],"with":[117],"proposed":[119],"strategy":[121],"identify":[123],"its":[124],"performance.":[125],"The":[126],"results":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"OSMC":[132],"tuned":[134],"using":[135],"has":[138],"better":[139],"performance":[141],"than":[142],"controller.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}