{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801992635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11090137","title":"Learning Heterogeneous Knowledge Base Embeddings for Explainable Recommendation","display_name":"Learning Heterogeneous Knowledge Base Embeddings for Explainable Recommendation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801992635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11090137","mag":"2801992635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11090137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11090137","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/9/137/pdf?version=1536834100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/9/137/pdf?version=1536834100","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089655391","display_name":"Qingyao Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5030-709X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyao Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030591692","display_name":"Vahid Azizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-8799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Azizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-8799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385709","display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-9358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329828","display_name":"Yongfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-8555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100329828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":64.1476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":457,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99871665,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"137","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8427724838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.7859435081481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.7461364269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.719650387763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5893764495849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.520414412021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5024783611297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4729934632778168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.453792005777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44027841091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4323503375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3276561498641968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8427724838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.7859435081481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.7461364269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.719650387763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5893764495849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.520414412021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5024783611297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4729934632778168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.453792005777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44027841091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4323503375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3276561498641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11090137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11090137","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/9/137/pdf?version=1536834100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1803.06540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06540","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.06540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1805.03352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.03352","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.03352","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22e5dd650f0941639ba8f780650521ab","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22e5dd650f0941639ba8f780650521ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 137 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/11/9/137/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11090137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11090137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11090137","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/9/137/pdf?version=1536834100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65998993","https://openalex.org/W153250912","https://openalex.org/W205829674","https://openalex.org/W1500664688","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1990190154","https://openalex.org/W2027731328","https://openalex.org/W2038585576","https://openalex.org/W2061873838","https://openalex.org/W2096434649","https://openalex.org/W2117420919","https://openalex.org/W2125031621","https://openalex.org/W2126159342","https://openalex.org/W2127795553","https://openalex.org/W2130369780","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2134584261","https://openalex.org/W2137916851","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2152184085","https://openalex.org/W2152588723","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2157881433","https://openalex.org/W2158535911","https://openalex.org/W2184957013","https://openalex.org/W2247119764","https://openalex.org/W2283196293","https://openalex.org/W2464979716","https://openalex.org/W2509893387","https://openalex.org/W2516925101","https://openalex.org/W2523367416","https://openalex.org/W2532651260","https://openalex.org/W2575006718","https://openalex.org/W2725606191","https://openalex.org/W2734755249","https://openalex.org/W2736608324","https://openalex.org/W2740070748","https://openalex.org/W2767724106","https://openalex.org/W2949547296","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2950947809","https://openalex.org/W2962814162","https://openalex.org/W2963505080","https://openalex.org/W2963655167","https://openalex.org/W3101366597","https://openalex.org/W4205334834","https://openalex.org/W4231990774","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6674535234","https://openalex.org/W6740696869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772628444","https://openalex.org/W1484355083","https://openalex.org/W4220714703","https://openalex.org/W2098758514","https://openalex.org/W2735929803","https://openalex.org/W3008845055","https://openalex.org/W2170391450","https://openalex.org/W4376854386","https://openalex.org/W2202724490","https://openalex.org/W2508671622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"model-generated":[1],"explanations":[2,120,228],"in":[3,51,84,155],"recommender":[4],"systems":[5],"is":[6,96,115,134,223],"important":[7],"to":[8,61,136,168,191,206,225],"user":[9,170],"experience.":[10],"State-of-the-art":[11],"recommendation":[12,86,133,242],"algorithms\u2014especially":[13],"the":[14,62,70,89,100,113,122,176,215,230,240,245],"collaborative":[15,147],"filtering":[16,148],"(CF)-":[17],"based":[18,107,213],"approaches":[19],"with":[20,26,181,252],"shallow":[21],"or":[22,42],"deep":[23],"models\u2014usually":[24],"work":[25],"various":[27,40],"unstructured":[28,141],"information":[29],"sources":[30],"for":[31,98,117,128,132,149,184,195,210,229],"recommendation,":[32,99,211],"such":[33],"as":[34],"textual":[35],"reviews,":[36],"visual":[37],"images,":[38],"and":[39,69,94,112,140,171,212,244],"implicit":[41],"explicit":[43,90],"feedbacks.":[44],"Though":[45],"structured":[46,78,139],"knowledge":[47,79,91,114,130,183,217],"bases":[48,80,131],"were":[49],"considered":[50,97],"content-based":[52],"approaches,":[53],"they":[54],"have":[55],"been":[56],"largely":[57],"ignored":[58],"recently":[59],"due":[60],"availability":[63],"of":[64,67,73,146,178,248],"vast":[65],"amounts":[66],"data":[68],"learning":[71,204],"power":[72,247],"many":[74],"complex":[75],"models.":[76],"However,":[77],"exhibit":[81],"unique":[82],"advantages":[83],"personalized":[85,227],"systems.":[87],"When":[88],"about":[92],"users":[93],"items":[95],"system":[101],"could":[102],"provide":[103],"highly":[104,150],"customized":[105],"recommendations":[106],"on":[108,161,214,235],"users\u2019":[109],"historical":[110],"behaviors":[111],"helpful":[116],"providing":[118],"informed":[119],"regarding":[121],"recommended":[123,231],"items.":[124,232],"A":[125],"great":[126],"challenge":[127],"using":[129],"how":[135],"integrate":[137],"large-scale":[138],"data,":[142],"while":[143,174],"taking":[144],"advantage":[145],"accurate":[151],"performance.":[152],"Recent":[153],"achievements":[154],"knowledge-base":[156,193,202],"embedding":[157],"(KBE)":[158],"sheds":[159],"light":[160],"this":[162,187],"problem,":[163],"which":[164],"makes":[165],"it":[166],"possible":[167],"learn":[169],"item":[172],"representations":[173],"preserving":[175],"structure":[177],"their":[179],"relationship":[180],"external":[182],"explanation.":[185],"In":[186],"work,":[188],"we":[189,199],"propose":[190,200],"explain":[192],"embeddings":[194],"explainable":[196],"recommendation.":[197],"Specifically,":[198],"a":[201,219],"representation":[203],"framework":[205],"embed":[207],"heterogeneous":[208],"entities":[209],"embedded":[216],"base,":[218],"soft":[220],"matching":[221],"algorithm":[222],"proposed":[224],"generate":[226],"Experimental":[233],"results":[234],"real-world":[236],"e-commerce":[237],"datasets":[238],"verified":[239],"superior":[241],"performance":[243],"explainability":[246],"our":[249],"approach":[250],"compared":[251],"state-of-the-art":[253],"baselines.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}
