{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808730081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11060088","title":"Efficient Deep Learning-Based Automated Pathology Identification in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Images","display_name":"Efficient Deep Learning-Based Automated Pathology Identification in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808730081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11060088","mag":"2808730081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11060088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11060088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/6/88/pdf?version=1529483600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/6/88/pdf?version=1529483600","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039951888","display_name":"Qingge Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-2410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092257","display_name":"China Guangzhou Analysis and Testing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6bjs95","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingge Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101258959","display_name":"Wenjie He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092257","display_name":"China Guangzhou Analysis and Testing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6bjs95","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053456946","display_name":"Jie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-2469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092257","display_name":"China Guangzhou Analysis and Testing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6bjs95","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077698418","display_name":"Yankui Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092257","display_name":"China Guangzhou Analysis and Testing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6bjs95","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yankui Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077698418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092257","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.0357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8715331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"88","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.8803380131721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7693502902984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7555279731750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7426909804344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.6497313976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5831901431083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.5656565427780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5273723602294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5015337467193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.47983595728874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4744780361652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47369953989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.47076037526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.24530085921287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1447516679763794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.8803380131721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7693502902984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7555279731750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7426909804344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.6497313976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5831901431083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.5656565427780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5273723602294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5015337467193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47983595728874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4744780361652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47369953989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.47076037526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.24530085921287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1447516679763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11060088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11060088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/6/88/pdf?version=1529483600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:211c8fd431044cc19dd952a6a5f90da8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/211c8fd431044cc19dd952a6a5f90da8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 88 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/11/6/88/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11060088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11060088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11060088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/6/88/pdf?version=1529483600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G818370268","display_name":"\u89c6\u7f51\u819cOCT\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808730081.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W1966136954","https://openalex.org/W1978478291","https://openalex.org/W1982966577","https://openalex.org/W2006073837","https://openalex.org/W2011237852","https://openalex.org/W2013754472","https://openalex.org/W2018139951","https://openalex.org/W2024492357","https://openalex.org/W2038850290","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2056575109","https://openalex.org/W2060040689","https://openalex.org/W2062991617","https://openalex.org/W2063440562","https://openalex.org/W2063967273","https://openalex.org/W2079390326","https://openalex.org/W2082677554","https://openalex.org/W2085202667","https://openalex.org/W2085254879","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097371977","https://openalex.org/W2100546771","https://openalex.org/W2105420127","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2125347938","https://openalex.org/W2138923133","https://openalex.org/W2146112699","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289913085","https://openalex.org/W2346062110","https://openalex.org/W2415657353","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2546844354","https://openalex.org/W2570893893","https://openalex.org/W2574964908","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2750023899","https://openalex.org/W2769254490","https://openalex.org/W2773475231","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2962990471","https://openalex.org/W6678893345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348498086","https://openalex.org/W1979583797","https://openalex.org/W3093461874","https://openalex.org/W3082848404","https://openalex.org/W2016864125","https://openalex.org/W1000914229","https://openalex.org/W1014602304","https://openalex.org/W1033756233","https://openalex.org/W4295705264","https://openalex.org/W1941834444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2],"automatic":[3],"method":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6,93],"transfer":[7],"learning":[8],"for":[9],"the":[10,35,44,50,55,62,71,86,101,104],"identification":[11],"of":[12,38,77,103],"dry":[13],"age-related":[14],"macular":[15,20],"degeneration":[16],"(AMD)":[17],"and":[18,42,60],"diabetic":[19],"edema":[21],"(DME)":[22],"from":[23,54],"retinal":[24,39,96],"optical":[25],"coherence":[26],"tomography":[27],"(OCT)":[28],"images.":[29],"The":[30,90],"algorithm":[31],"aims":[32],"to":[33,84],"improve":[34],"classification":[36],"performance":[37],"OCT":[40,97],"images":[41,98],"shorten":[43],"training":[45],"time.":[46],"Firstly,":[47],"we":[48],"remove":[49],"last":[51],"several":[52],"layers":[53],"pre-trained":[56],"Inception":[57],"V3":[58],"model":[59],"regard":[61],"remaining":[63],"part":[64],"as":[65,75],"a":[66,78],"fixed":[67],"feature":[68,87],"extractor.":[69],"Then,":[70],"features":[72],"are":[73],"used":[74],"input":[76],"convolutional":[79],"neural":[80],"network":[81],"(CNN)":[82],"designed":[83],"learn":[85],"space":[88],"shifts.":[89],"experimental":[91],"results":[92],"two":[94],"different":[95],"datasets":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"effectiveness":[102],"proposed":[105],"method.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}