{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801917014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11040051","title":"A Crowd Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Using a Non-Ideal Channel","display_name":"A Crowd Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Using a Non-Ideal Channel","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801917014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11040051","mag":"2801917014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11040051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11040051","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/4/51/pdf?version=1525349007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/4/51/pdf?version=1525349007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054143407","display_name":"Xinxin Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037290686","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-292X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037290686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.1895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53785186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"51","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.9092861413955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.9063023328781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7088117003440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6746597290039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.6032267212867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5531691908836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5456410646438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5120053887367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.510461688041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.4655753970146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4498625099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4402990937232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4141390025615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.33677399158477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2257561981678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21827206015586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16037681698799133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.9092861413955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.9063023328781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7088117003440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6746597290039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.6032267212867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5531691908836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5456410646438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5120053887367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.510461688041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4655753970146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4498625099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4402990937232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4141390025615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.33677399158477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2257561981678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21827206015586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16037681698799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11040051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11040051","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/4/51/pdf?version=1525349007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/11/4/51/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11040051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 11; Issue 4; Pages: 51","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a11040051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a11040051","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/11/4/51/pdf?version=1525349007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3647802431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571234\uff0c61631020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2801917014.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W640676175","https://openalex.org/W1968777427","https://openalex.org/W1980701825","https://openalex.org/W2016453678","https://openalex.org/W2019698800","https://openalex.org/W2041760249","https://openalex.org/W2058911993","https://openalex.org/W2085773652","https://openalex.org/W2127040151","https://openalex.org/W2183266617","https://openalex.org/W2242785008","https://openalex.org/W2366885214","https://openalex.org/W2416633663","https://openalex.org/W2562589248","https://openalex.org/W2579477926","https://openalex.org/W2734487844","https://openalex.org/W2739738079","https://openalex.org/W2770785441","https://openalex.org/W2774410350","https://openalex.org/W2785897706","https://openalex.org/W3099611313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914162876","https://openalex.org/W2775301649","https://openalex.org/W2048427509","https://openalex.org/W4233632157","https://openalex.org/W2330895226","https://openalex.org/W2994439156","https://openalex.org/W2807256486","https://openalex.org/W2391309548","https://openalex.org/W2123675486","https://openalex.org/W4313598581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"sensing":[1,40,49,71,91,109],"is":[2,13,102,138],"the":[3,6,24,28,32,79,84,90,94,118,128],"prerequisite":[4],"of":[5,8,17,35,54,82,86,132],"realization":[7],"cognitive":[9,18],"radio.":[10,19],"So":[11],"it":[12],"a":[14,45,103],"significant":[15],"part":[16],"In":[20],"order":[21],"to":[22,26,69],"stimulate":[23],"SUs":[25,87],"sense":[27],"spectrum,":[29],"we":[30,62,77,135],"combine":[31],"incentive":[33],"mechanism":[34],"crowd-sensing":[36],"with":[37,51],"cooperative":[38,47],"spectrum":[39,48,129],"effectively,":[41],"and":[42,73,93,97,111],"put":[43,136],"forward":[44],"crowd":[46],"algorithm":[50],"optimal":[52,108],"utility":[53,65],"secondary":[55],"users":[56],"(SUs)":[57],"under":[58],"non-ideal":[59],"channel":[60],"which":[61,134],"define":[63],"SUs\u2019":[64],"expectation":[66],"functions":[67],"related":[68],"rewards,":[70],"time":[72,92,110],"transmission":[74,95,112],"power.":[75],"Then,":[76],"construct":[78],"optimization":[80,105],"problem":[81,101],"maximizing":[83],"utilities":[85],"by":[88,116],"optimizing":[89],"power,":[96],"prove":[98],"that":[99,127],"this":[100],"convex":[104],"problem.":[106],"The":[107,122],"power":[113],"are":[114],"obtained":[115],"using":[117],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[119],"(KKT)":[120],"conditions.":[121],"numerical":[123],"simulation":[124],"results":[125],"show":[126],"detection":[130],"performance":[131],"algorithm,":[133],"forward,":[137],"improved.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}