{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2769449267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10040130","title":"2-Phase NSGA II: An Optimized Reward and Risk Measurements Algorithm in Portfolio Optimization","display_name":"2-Phase NSGA II: An Optimized Reward and Risk Measurements Algorithm in Portfolio Optimization","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2769449267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10040130","mag":"2769449267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a10040130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10040130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/4/130/pdf?version=1511857312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/4/130/pdf?version=1511857312","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052211646","display_name":"Seyedeh Eftekharian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyedeh Eftekharian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Financial Engineering, Raja University of Qazvin, Qazvin 341451177, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Financial Engineering, Raja University of Qazvin, Qazvin 341451177, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022893278","display_name":"Mohammad Shojafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shojafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111972280","display_name":"Shahaboddin Shamshirband","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahaboddin Shamshirband","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-498X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052211646","https://openalex.org/A5111972280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.6393,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85450544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"130","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11413","display_name":"Risk and Portfolio Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11413","display_name":"Risk and Portfolio Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio-optimization","display_name":"Portfolio optimization","score":0.651360034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6500805616378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5291391015052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.5182906985282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5115655064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.5055520534515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.4850175082683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.48429054021835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.4648496210575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.43572282791137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4323519468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41486483812332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36927223205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.17030969262123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.12382137775421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08382311463356018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202655437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7231728","display_name":"Portfolio optimization","level":3,"score":0.651360034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6500805616378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5291391015052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.5182906985282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115655064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.5055520534515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.4850175082683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.48429054021835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.4648496210575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.43572282791137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4323519468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41486483812332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36927223205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17030969262123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.12382137775421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08382311463356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a10040130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10040130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/4/130/pdf?version=1511857312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5397d369c395433da7589e18189aa8e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5397d369c395433da7589e18189aa8e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 130 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/10/4/130/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a10040130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 10; Issue 4; Pages: 130","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a10040130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10040130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/4/130/pdf?version=1511857312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321966","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2769449267.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2769449267.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192085667","https://openalex.org/W1493556633","https://openalex.org/W1559921986","https://openalex.org/W1668618005","https://openalex.org/W1971093393","https://openalex.org/W1988869767","https://openalex.org/W1991005468","https://openalex.org/W2013704165","https://openalex.org/W2017114519","https://openalex.org/W2032453361","https://openalex.org/W2042517615","https://openalex.org/W2064173001","https://openalex.org/W2070156190","https://openalex.org/W2089073668","https://openalex.org/W2089559114","https://openalex.org/W2092162738","https://openalex.org/W2107845038","https://openalex.org/W2112492110","https://openalex.org/W2113188547","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2135863358","https://openalex.org/W2139755682","https://openalex.org/W2142640031","https://openalex.org/W2145181238","https://openalex.org/W2149439422","https://openalex.org/W2151237529","https://openalex.org/W2161860005","https://openalex.org/W2162397932","https://openalex.org/W2245177119","https://openalex.org/W2335146458","https://openalex.org/W2335573640","https://openalex.org/W2340830600","https://openalex.org/W2596623478","https://openalex.org/W2606440922","https://openalex.org/W3122029634","https://openalex.org/W3124464095","https://openalex.org/W6607796569","https://openalex.org/W6683748604","https://openalex.org/W6703361551","https://openalex.org/W6807091881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906115061","https://openalex.org/W2977596624","https://openalex.org/W2145877535","https://openalex.org/W2744730182","https://openalex.org/W3134440233","https://openalex.org/W2751605210","https://openalex.org/W3151104768","https://openalex.org/W2419109832","https://openalex.org/W2068949283","https://openalex.org/W2891428731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Portfolio":[0],"optimization":[1,90],"is":[2,26,97],"a":[3,41,55,85],"serious":[4],"challenge":[5],"for":[6],"financial":[7],"engineering":[8],"and":[9,31,72,99],"has":[10,18,37],"pulled":[11],"down":[12],"special":[13],"attention":[14],"among":[15],"investors.":[16],"It":[17,112],"two":[19],"objectives:":[20],"to":[21,32,54,76],"maximize":[22],"the":[23,34,49,100,108],"reward":[24],"that":[25,51,115],"calculated":[27],"by":[28],"expected":[29],"return":[30],"minimize":[33],"risk.":[35],"Variance":[36],"been":[38],"considered":[39],"as":[40,60],"risk":[42],"measure.":[43],"There":[44],"are":[45,105],"many":[46],"constraints":[47],"in":[48],"world":[50],"ultimately":[52],"lead":[53],"non\u2013convex":[56],"search":[57],"space":[58],"such":[59],"cardinality":[61],"constraint.":[62],"In":[63,82],"conclusion,":[64],"parametric":[65],"quadratic":[66],"programming":[67],"could":[68],"not":[69],"be":[70],"applied":[71],"it":[73],"seems":[74],"essential":[75],"apply":[77],"multi-objective":[78,88],"evolutionary":[79],"algorithm":[80,91,96,104],"(MOEA).":[81],"this":[83,103],"paper,":[84],"new":[86],"efficient":[87],"portfolio":[89],"called":[92],"2-phase":[93,116],"NSGA":[94,109,117,121],"II":[95,110,118,122],"developed":[98],"results":[101],"of":[102],"compared":[106],"with":[107],"algorithm.":[111,123],"was":[113],"found":[114],"significantly":[119],"outperformed":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}
