{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197869932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","title":"OFDM-IM for Joint Communication and Radar-Sensing: A Promising Waveform for Dual Functionality","display_name":"OFDM-IM for Joint Communication and Radar-Sensing: A Promising Waveform for Dual Functionality","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197869932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","mag":"3197869932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077198724","display_name":"Mehmet Mert \u015eahin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-2427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Mert \u015eahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059171072","display_name":"Ilter Erol Gurol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilter Erol Gurol","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoreLab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoreLab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025243294","display_name":"Emre Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-5051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoreLab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoreLab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoreLab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoreLab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042730077","display_name":"H\u00fcseyin Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-7372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125470973","display_name":"Istanbul Medipol University","ror":"https://ror.org/037jwzz50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huseyin Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077198724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":1.2896,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78669577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8510531187057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7020285725593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6210241317749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5812979936599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5525937080383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5030686259269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-scheme","display_name":"Diversity scheme","score":0.4813576340675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4657391309738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4568328559398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34554100036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3081498146057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2112804353237152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1898682415485382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8510531187057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7020285725593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6210241317749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5812979936599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5525937080383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5030686259269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.4813576340675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4657391309738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4568328559398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34554100036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3081498146057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2112804353237152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1898682415485382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:647c0e79a4de40feacfd66541605027e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/647c0e79a4de40feacfd66541605027e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks, Vol 2 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1163532324","display_name":"5g Ve Sonras\u0131 Geni\u015fbant Haberle\u015fme A\u011flar\u0131 I\u00e7in \u00d6zg\u00fcn \u0130ndis Mod\u00fclasyon Sistemleri","funder_award_id":"218E035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5836595314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 218E035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7646962838","display_name":"High Capacity MM-Wave Wireless Communication Systems Using Spatially Adaptive Smart Antenna Arrays","funder_award_id":"1609581","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8293887604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1609581","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197869932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197869932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588135687","https://openalex.org/W1761491236","https://openalex.org/W2025052910","https://openalex.org/W2122989348","https://openalex.org/W2140577326","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2590141315","https://openalex.org/W2689710600","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2913254931","https://openalex.org/W2972473258","https://openalex.org/W2972757045","https://openalex.org/W2972894689","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3024101484","https://openalex.org/W3026678610","https://openalex.org/W3041824375","https://openalex.org/W3043255904","https://openalex.org/W3046720024","https://openalex.org/W3092064745","https://openalex.org/W3104753843","https://openalex.org/W3111405540","https://openalex.org/W3132316477","https://openalex.org/W3151834167","https://openalex.org/W4233016158","https://openalex.org/W6739741087","https://openalex.org/W6758909989","https://openalex.org/W6784411800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823550417","https://openalex.org/W2147186021","https://openalex.org/W4200390541","https://openalex.org/W4321843682","https://openalex.org/W2151541251","https://openalex.org/W2135607366","https://openalex.org/W2047897212","https://openalex.org/W2107747917","https://openalex.org/W2942962000","https://openalex.org/W2368250661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"demand":[1],"for":[2],"dual-functional":[3],"wireless":[4],"systems":[5],"is":[6,21,26,97],"on":[7],"the":[8,43,47,76,79,82,107,119,129,155],"rise":[9],"as":[10,64],"certain":[11,61],"resources":[12],"become":[13],"more":[14],"congested":[15],"and":[16,30,36,46,52,89,103,143,151],"scarce.":[17],"Joint":[18],"communication-radar":[19],"(JCR)":[20],"a":[22,93],"promising":[23,83],"technology":[24],"that":[25,118],"becoming":[27],"very":[28],"critical":[29],"growing":[31],"in":[32,75,137],"popularity,":[33],"where":[34],"communication":[35,102],"radar":[37,104],"applications":[38,105,145],"are":[39],"serviced":[40],"simultaneously":[41],"sharing":[42],"same":[44,108],"hardware/software":[45],"frequency":[48,66,152,157],"band":[49],"resources.":[50,109],"JCR":[51,95],"its":[53],"alternatives":[54],"need":[55],"to":[56,70,99],"be":[57],"cleverly":[58],"integrated":[59],"into":[60],"waveforms":[62],"such":[63],"orthogonal":[65],"division":[67],"multiplexing":[68],"(OFDM)":[69],"function":[71],"properly":[72],"without":[73],"degradation":[74],"performance.":[77],"With":[78],"aid":[80],"of":[81,85],"concepts":[84],"index":[86,124],"modulation":[87,125],"(IM)":[88],"Golay":[90],"complementary":[91],"sequences,":[92],"novel":[94],"waveform":[96,127],"proposed":[98,120],"serve":[100],"both":[101,136],"with":[106,122,132],"It":[110],"has":[111],"been":[112],"shown":[113],"by":[114,146],"extensive":[115],"computer":[116],"simulations":[117],"OFDM":[121,131],"an":[123],"(OFDM-IM)":[126],"outperforms":[128],"classical":[130],"fixed":[133],"pilot":[134],"design":[135],"bit":[138],"error":[139],"rate":[140],"(BER)":[141],"performance":[142],"radar-based":[144],"introducing":[147],"diversity":[148],"among":[149],"subcarriers":[150],"agility":[153],"over":[154],"whole":[156],"band.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}