{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416234224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","title":"Achieving health equity in immune disease: leveraging big data and artificial intelligence in an evolving health system landscape","display_name":"Achieving health equity in immune disease: leveraging big data and artificial intelligence in an evolving health system landscape","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416234224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41322981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062555674","display_name":"Stan Kachnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-0513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Kachnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States","Healthcare Innovation and Technology Lab, New York, NY, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Innovation and Technology Lab, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089685782","display_name":"Asif Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-0116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131407","display_name":"C3I (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03earrv48","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802646204","display_name":"Morristown Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03m6tev69","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802646204","https://openalex.org/I67339987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asif H. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sanofi, Morristown, NJ, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanofi, Morristown, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131407","https://openalex.org/I2802646204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027626902","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Floquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111804","display_name":"Sanofi (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018075036","https://openalex.org/I4210111804"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shad\u00e9 Floquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108687200","display_name":"Kathryn B. Whitlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-7959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087523","display_name":"Walgreens Boots Alliance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002nnaj78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087523"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kendal K. Whitlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walgreens Boots Alliance, New York, NY, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walgreens Boots Alliance, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033612339","display_name":"Juan P. Wisnivesky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Pablo Wisnivesky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States","Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067772128","display_name":"Daniel B. Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6282-1240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel B. Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computer Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computer Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019341237","display_name":"Irene Dankwa\u2010Mullan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-3497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302991022","display_name":"Milken Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03f5t6469","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302991022"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Dankwa-Mullan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302991022","https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071386311","display_name":"Gezzer Ortega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gezzer Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011752525","display_name":"Moataz Daoud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111804","display_name":"Sanofi (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018075036","https://openalex.org/I4210111804"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moataz Daoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073765379","display_name":"Ramsha Zaheer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-6048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111804","display_name":"Sanofi (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018075036","https://openalex.org/I4210111804"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raza Zaheer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041498800","display_name":"Maia Hightower","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34770199","display_name":"Bureau Veritas (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/013kv6j49","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34770199"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maia Hightower","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veritas Healthcare Insights, Park City, UT, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veritas Healthcare Insights, Park City, UT, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34770199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059328493","display_name":"Paul Rowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802646204","display_name":"Morristown Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03m6tev69","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802646204","https://openalex.org/I67339987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131407","display_name":"C3I (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03earrv48","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sanofi, Morristown, NJ, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanofi, Morristown, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131407","https://openalex.org/I2802646204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089685782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802646204","https://openalex.org/I4210131407"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2685321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1621526","last_page":"1621526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5242999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5242999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.10530000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.8371000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.40619999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.8371000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2767350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6662173","display_name":"Business intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780984029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2930198","display_name":"Stakeholder engagement","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2671000063419342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41322981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41322981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in big data","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f1ff65e6841433295e0d873874ce9df","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f1ff65e6841433295e0d873874ce9df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11466478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12660090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2025.1621526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307781","display_name":"Sanofi","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678037101","https://openalex.org/W1961345416","https://openalex.org/W1974670052","https://openalex.org/W1983062003","https://openalex.org/W2061962765","https://openalex.org/W2069034996","https://openalex.org/W2116913778","https://openalex.org/W2116984840","https://openalex.org/W2148223342","https://openalex.org/W2162049040","https://openalex.org/W2176807804","https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2405847478","https://openalex.org/W2530395818","https://openalex.org/W2558177882","https://openalex.org/W2754051415","https://openalex.org/W2902802452","https://openalex.org/W2918300080","https://openalex.org/W2940229598","https://openalex.org/W2949769604","https://openalex.org/W2953548579","https://openalex.org/W2979882137","https://openalex.org/W2979893369","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2984202484","https://openalex.org/W2985127040","https://openalex.org/W2990072080","https://openalex.org/W2990768863","https://openalex.org/W3001363766","https://openalex.org/W3014527525","https://openalex.org/W3035885149","https://openalex.org/W3038932755","https://openalex.org/W3041148084","https://openalex.org/W3124811476","https://openalex.org/W3134040602","https://openalex.org/W3142652285","https://openalex.org/W3152927204","https://openalex.org/W3165824050","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3199170562","https://openalex.org/W3200759624","https://openalex.org/W3203003543","https://openalex.org/W3206840963","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4206091887","https://openalex.org/W4221045317","https://openalex.org/W4221138494","https://openalex.org/W4223468055","https://openalex.org/W4223498908","https://openalex.org/W4281829192","https://openalex.org/W4283017828","https://openalex.org/W4295077689","https://openalex.org/W4304759259","https://openalex.org/W4304845711","https://openalex.org/W4310019147","https://openalex.org/W4313648826","https://openalex.org/W4315641835","https://openalex.org/W4321376591","https://openalex.org/W4353094399","https://openalex.org/W4366983170","https://openalex.org/W4372214968","https://openalex.org/W4376112749","https://openalex.org/W4376640984","https://openalex.org/W4377137167","https://openalex.org/W4381804761","https://openalex.org/W4382751879","https://openalex.org/W4383873008","https://openalex.org/W4386568712","https://openalex.org/W4388014619","https://openalex.org/W4388219918","https://openalex.org/W4388722965","https://openalex.org/W4388799386","https://openalex.org/W4389078007","https://openalex.org/W4389355179","https://openalex.org/W4389509905","https://openalex.org/W4389794809","https://openalex.org/W4390589412","https://openalex.org/W4391215968","https://openalex.org/W4392028885","https://openalex.org/W4392293571","https://openalex.org/W4392515337","https://openalex.org/W4392791479","https://openalex.org/W4394580394","https://openalex.org/W4398139159","https://openalex.org/W4398778305","https://openalex.org/W4399326106","https://openalex.org/W4402431243","https://openalex.org/W4402499684","https://openalex.org/W4403211195","https://openalex.org/W4404029077","https://openalex.org/W4406001290","https://openalex.org/W4406063062","https://openalex.org/W4407173730","https://openalex.org/W4408212449","https://openalex.org/W4408884780","https://openalex.org/W4409308174","https://openalex.org/W4409340601","https://openalex.org/W4415308812"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prevalence":[0],"of":[1,18,80,92,116,123,131,142,196,201],"immune":[2,19,99,251],"diseases":[3,20,100,252],"is":[4,63,211],"rising,":[5],"imposing":[6],"burdens":[7],"on":[8,24,118],"patients,":[9],"healthcare":[10],"providers,":[11],"and":[12,32,38,55,71,96,101,109,128,137,139,144,152,159,163,171,177,181,190,199,209,215,221,235,256],"society.":[13],"Addressing":[14],"the":[15,67,81,90,140],"future":[16],"impact":[17],"requires":[21],"\"big":[22],"data\"":[23],"global":[25],"distribution/prevalence,":[26],"patient":[27],"demographics,":[28],"risk":[29],"factors,":[30],"biomarkers,":[31],"prognosis":[33],"to":[34,66,69,156,186,226,232,246],"inform":[35],"prevention,":[36],"diagnosis,":[37],"treatment":[39],"strategies.":[40],"Big":[41],"data":[42,49,57,169,188],"offer":[43],"promise":[44],"by":[45],"integrating":[46],"diverse":[47],"real-world":[48],"sources":[50],"with":[51,85,179],"artificial":[52],"intelligence":[53],"(AI)":[54],"big":[56,93,244],"analytics":[58],"(BDA),":[59],"yet":[60],"cautious":[61],"implementation":[62],"vital":[64],"due":[65],"potential":[68,103],"perpetuate":[70],"exacerbate":[72],"biases.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"review,":[76],"we":[77],"outline":[78],"some":[79],"key":[82,126],"challenges":[83,229],"associated":[84],"achieving":[86,147],"health":[87,148,248],"equity":[88,249],"through":[89,253],"use":[91],"data,":[94,245],"AI,":[95],"BDA":[97,145,182,210,236],"in":[98,135,146,166,207,250],"present":[102],"solutions.":[104,259],"For":[105],"example,":[106],"political/institutional":[107],"will":[108],"stakeholder":[110],"engagement":[111,153],"are":[112,154,183,195,230],"essential,":[113],"requiring":[114],"evidence":[115],"return":[117],"investment,":[119],"a":[120],"clear":[121],"definition":[122],"success":[124],"(including":[125],"metrics),":[127],"improved":[129],"communication":[130],"unmet":[132],"needs,":[133],"disparities":[134],"treatments":[136],"outcomes,":[138],"benefits":[141],"AI":[143,180,208,234],"equity.":[149],"Broad":[150],"representation":[151],"required":[155],"foster":[157],"trust":[158],"inclusivity,":[160],"involving":[161],"patients":[162],"community":[164],"organizations":[165],"study":[167],"design,":[168],"collection,":[170],"decision-making":[172],"processes.":[173],"Enhancing":[174],"technical":[175],"capabilities":[176],"accountability":[178],"also":[184],"crucial":[185],"address":[187],"quality":[189,198],"diversity":[191],"issues,":[192],"ensuring":[193],"datasets":[194],"sufficient":[197],"representative":[200],"minoritized":[202],"populations.":[203],"Lastly,":[204],"mitigating":[205],"biases":[206],"imperative,":[212],"necessitating":[213],"robust":[214],"iterative":[216],"fairness":[217],"assessments,":[218],"continuous":[219],"evaluation,":[220],"strong":[222],"governance.":[223],"Collaborative":[224],"efforts":[225],"overcome":[227],"these":[228],"needed":[231],"leverage":[233],"effectively,":[237],"including":[238],"an":[239],"infrastructure":[240],"for":[241],"sharing":[242],"harmonized":[243],"advance":[247],"transparent,":[254],"fair,":[255],"impactful":[257],"data-driven":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}