{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402430792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","title":"When we talk about Big Data, What do we really mean? Toward a more precise definition of Big Data","display_name":"When we talk about Big Data, What do we really mean? Toward a more precise definition of Big Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402430792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39318654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064125838","display_name":"Xiaoyao Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Governance and Innovation, Campus Fryslan, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Governance and Innovation, Campus Fryslan, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042404369","display_name":"Oskar Josef Gstrein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oskar Josef Gstrein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Governance and Innovation, Campus Fryslan, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Governance and Innovation, Campus Fryslan, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012748201","display_name":"Vasilios Andrikopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-0247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasilios Andrikopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064125838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384","https://openalex.org/I196758499"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":4.3966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9496066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1441869","last_page":"1441869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.8136734366416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4351944029331207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4138377904891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.15240192413330078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.8136734366416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4351944029331207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4138377904891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.15240192413330078}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39318654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39318654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in big data","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/e4e6d8b8-9448-4573-970d-e0ec8e2c3fd3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/e4e6d8b8-9448-4573-970d-e0ec8e2c3fd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Han, X, Gstrein, O J & Andrikopoulos, V 2024, 'When we talk about Big Data, What do we really mean? Toward a more precise definition of Big Data', Frontiers in Big Data, vol. 7, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11420115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11420115","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11420115/pdf/fdata-07-1441869.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Big Data","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f4a621b306424a979258d05cbc079435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4a621b306424a979258d05cbc079435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data, Vol 7 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/e4e6d8b8-9448-4573-970d-e0ec8e2c3fd3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/e4e6d8b8-9448-4573-970d-e0ec8e2c3fd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Han, X, Gstrein, O J & Andrikopoulos, V 2024, 'When we talk about Big Data, What do we really mean? Toward a more precise definition of Big Data', Frontiers in Big Data, vol. 7, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1441869/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402430792.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402430792.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1920344448","https://openalex.org/W1975675278","https://openalex.org/W1987135830","https://openalex.org/W1987315189","https://openalex.org/W2069433961","https://openalex.org/W2106956101","https://openalex.org/W2109574129","https://openalex.org/W2112031167","https://openalex.org/W2114060717","https://openalex.org/W2120109270","https://openalex.org/W2147343628","https://openalex.org/W2168130919","https://openalex.org/W2169969573","https://openalex.org/W2172250756","https://openalex.org/W2293914629","https://openalex.org/W2336803818","https://openalex.org/W2553014740","https://openalex.org/W2575289305","https://openalex.org/W2734064740","https://openalex.org/W2884392010","https://openalex.org/W2909014521","https://openalex.org/W2982619951","https://openalex.org/W2991649850","https://openalex.org/W2995268542","https://openalex.org/W3216382648","https://openalex.org/W4253314500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322629366","https://openalex.org/W2808989540","https://openalex.org/W2397053934","https://openalex.org/W1039292361","https://openalex.org/W2551093110","https://openalex.org/W2148016376","https://openalex.org/W4237919137","https://openalex.org/W3184179822","https://openalex.org/W3095362084","https://openalex.org/W3003361536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,26,29,52,104,110,154,157,173,176,183,230,239,243,263,286],"lack":[2,30],"of":[3,9,31,94,109,137,156,182,212,255,267,285,288],"consensus":[4],"on":[5,20,103,129,242],"an":[6],"official":[7],"definition":[8,34],"Big":[10,38,56,95,112,139,158,190,213,231,256,270,289],"Data,":[11,96,271],"research":[12,43,102,115,292],"and":[13,35,44,64,86,106,143,171,179,207,229,265],"studies":[14,85,131,268],"have":[15,251],"continued":[16],"to":[17,72,89,132,152,293],"progress":[18],"based":[19],"this":[21,119,121],"\"no":[22],"consensus\"":[23],"stance":[24],"over":[25],"years.":[27],"However,":[28],"a":[32,47,91,124,134,282],"clear":[33],"scope":[36],"for":[37,281],"Data":[39,57,113,140,159,191,214,232,290],"results":[40],"in":[41,68,81,114,161,168,196,247,291],"scientific":[42,147,198,249,296],"communication":[45],"lacking":[46],"common":[48],"ground.":[49],"Even":[50],"with":[51],"popular":[53],"\"V\"":[54,244],"characteristics,":[55,245],"remains":[58],"elusive.":[59],"The":[60],"term":[61,111],"is":[62,65,77,141],"broad":[63],"used":[66,142,195],"differently":[67],"research,":[69],"often":[70,275],"referring":[71],"entirely":[73],"different":[74,146,197,248],"concepts,":[75,223],"which":[76,164,169],"rarely":[78],"stated":[79],"explicitly":[80,277],"papers.":[82],"While":[83],"many":[84],"reviews":[87],"attempt":[88],"draw":[90],"comprehensive":[92,135],"understanding":[93,178],"there":[97],"has":[98],"been":[99],"little":[100],"systematic":[101],"position":[105],"practical":[107,180],"implications":[108],"environments.":[116],"To":[117],"address":[118],"gap,":[120],"paper":[122],"presents":[123],"Systematic":[125],"Literature":[126],"Review":[127],"(SLR)":[128],"secondary":[130],"provide":[133],"overview":[136],"how":[138],"understood":[144],"across":[145],"domains.":[148],"Our":[149,185],"objective":[150],"was":[151],"monitor":[153],"application":[155],"concept":[160],"science,":[162],"identify":[163],"technologies":[165,192],"are":[166,193,274],"prevalent":[167],"fields,":[170,199],"investigate":[172],"discrepancies":[174],"between":[175],"theoretical":[177],"usage":[181],"term.":[184],"study":[186,235],"found":[187],"that":[188,237],"various":[189],"being":[194],"including":[200],"machine":[201,226],"learning":[202,227],"algorithms,":[203],"distributed":[204],"computing":[205],"frameworks,":[206],"other":[208],"tools.":[209],"These":[210,258],"manifestations":[211],"can":[215],"be":[216],"classified":[217],"into":[218],"four":[219],"major":[220],"categories:":[221],"abstract":[222],"large":[224],"datasets,":[225],"techniques,":[228],"ecosystem.":[233],"This":[234],"revealed":[236],"despite":[238],"general":[240],"agreement":[241],"researchers":[246],"fields":[250],"varied":[252],"implicit":[253,259],"understandings":[254,260],"Data.":[257],"significantly":[261],"influence":[262],"content":[264],"discussions":[266],"involving":[269],"although":[272],"they":[273],"not":[276],"stated.":[278],"We":[279],"call":[280],"clearer":[283],"articulation":[284],"meaning":[287],"facilitate":[294],"smoother":[295],"communication.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}