{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118358649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","title":"Assessing and enhancing the ecological validity of human locomotion in virtual reality","display_name":"Assessing and enhancing the ecological validity of human locomotion in virtual reality","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118358649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004224706","display_name":"Kazuyuki Sato","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuyuki Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for the Psychology of Human Movement and Sport, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for the Psychology of Human Movement and Sport, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066061631","display_name":"Yuki Suda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-8009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Suda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan","Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122136315","display_name":"Takahiro Higuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Higuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122136315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":19.7238,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96984257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-validity","display_name":"Ecological validity","score":0.8276000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7164000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validity","display_name":"External validity","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioural-sciences","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","score":0.32510000467300415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190210774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15427384","display_name":"Ecological validity","level":3,"score":0.8276000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7164000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150303390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983852","display_name":"Virtual actor","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.db-thueringen.de:dbt_mods_00069026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-69026-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400120","display_name":"Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210149878","host_organization_name":"Verbundzentrale des GBV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1699143/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118358649.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118358649.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827848544","https://openalex.org/W1853110772","https://openalex.org/W1969748531","https://openalex.org/W1983726249","https://openalex.org/W2001347850","https://openalex.org/W2002420769","https://openalex.org/W2007267073","https://openalex.org/W2013524047","https://openalex.org/W2019137987","https://openalex.org/W2027935272","https://openalex.org/W2040511970","https://openalex.org/W2046394129","https://openalex.org/W2047923699","https://openalex.org/W2051406618","https://openalex.org/W2066377545","https://openalex.org/W2072227633","https://openalex.org/W2081509522","https://openalex.org/W2094931507","https://openalex.org/W2096267785","https://openalex.org/W2096653642","https://openalex.org/W2110738137","https://openalex.org/W2128458185","https://openalex.org/W2129794128","https://openalex.org/W2133882256","https://openalex.org/W2145839404","https://openalex.org/W2157579993","https://openalex.org/W2164182318","https://openalex.org/W2198599185","https://openalex.org/W2394337437","https://openalex.org/W2567265246","https://openalex.org/W2767365089","https://openalex.org/W2794136334","https://openalex.org/W2794385674","https://openalex.org/W2795534543","https://openalex.org/W2802063900","https://openalex.org/W2884304041","https://openalex.org/W2885405668","https://openalex.org/W2896231258","https://openalex.org/W2897916980","https://openalex.org/W2898404797","https://openalex.org/W2899457298","https://openalex.org/W2910521986","https://openalex.org/W2964799282","https://openalex.org/W2982299744","https://openalex.org/W2982400320","https://openalex.org/W3000985180","https://openalex.org/W3002765631","https://openalex.org/W3087666022","https://openalex.org/W3090565252","https://openalex.org/W3134741186","https://openalex.org/W3140921983","https://openalex.org/W3143119022","https://openalex.org/W3161019968","https://openalex.org/W3174562014","https://openalex.org/W4200032264","https://openalex.org/W4200162768","https://openalex.org/W4205302179","https://openalex.org/W4206989108","https://openalex.org/W4220853566","https://openalex.org/W4221033545","https://openalex.org/W4282916216","https://openalex.org/W4283588903","https://openalex.org/W4289824348","https://openalex.org/W4295809736","https://openalex.org/W4308506790","https://openalex.org/W4309604218","https://openalex.org/W4311316798","https://openalex.org/W4311349699","https://openalex.org/W4321085244","https://openalex.org/W4322504765","https://openalex.org/W4324382112","https://openalex.org/W4361284751","https://openalex.org/W4378527711","https://openalex.org/W4381999885","https://openalex.org/W4384822584","https://openalex.org/W4386291926","https://openalex.org/W4386391182","https://openalex.org/W4387740451","https://openalex.org/W4388538727","https://openalex.org/W4389576856","https://openalex.org/W4391339918","https://openalex.org/W4395672144","https://openalex.org/W4401746653","https://openalex.org/W4402330625","https://openalex.org/W4402401860","https://openalex.org/W4402461408","https://openalex.org/W4404460091","https://openalex.org/W4408635881","https://openalex.org/W4415839132"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"use":[2,92],"of":[3,93,139,168,182,186],"virtual":[4],"reality":[5],"(VR)":[6],"technologies":[7],"in":[8,20,24,54,111,174],"behavioral":[9,85,109,172,195],"research":[10],"raises":[11],"a":[12,96,179],"critical":[13],"question:":[14],"to":[15,127,193],"what":[16],"extent":[17],"do":[18,72],"behaviors":[19,62],"VR":[21,28,94,187],"mirror":[22],"those":[23],"the":[25,91,183],"real":[26],"world?":[27],"offers":[29,190],"strong":[30],"experimental":[31],"control":[32],"and":[33,51,57,121,131,143,163,189],"reproducibility,":[34],"yet":[35],"its":[36],"ecological":[37,69,184],"validity":[38,70,185],"remains":[39],"debated.":[40],"This":[41,176],"review":[42,177],"examines":[43],"two":[44],"fundamental":[45,84],"human":[46,101],"locomotion":[47,188],"behaviors,":[48],"overground":[49],"walking":[50,116],"collision":[52],"avoidance":[53,123],"immersive":[55],"VR,":[56,112],"evaluates":[58],"how":[59],"accurately":[60],"these":[61,147],"are":[63,78,87],"reproduced.":[64],"Practical":[65],"strategies":[66,110,192],"for":[67,99,200],"enhancing":[68],"that":[71,83],"not":[73],"require":[74],"specialized":[75],"hardware":[76],"development":[77],"also":[79],"proposed.":[80],"Evidence":[81],"indicates":[82],"patterns":[86],"largely":[88,125],"preserved,":[89],"supporting":[90],"as":[95,114,136],"valuable":[97,198],"tool":[98],"investigating":[100],"locomotion.":[102],"However,":[103],"participants":[104],"consistently":[105],"adopt":[106],"more":[107],"conservative":[108],"such":[113,135],"slower":[115],"speeds,":[117],"increased":[118],"interpersonal":[119],"distances,":[120],"earlier":[122],"initiation,":[124],"due":[126],"egocentric":[128],"distance":[129],"underestimation":[130],"head-mounted":[132],"display":[133],"constraints":[134],"restricted":[137],"field":[138],"view,":[140],"limited":[141],"resolution,":[142],"latency.":[144],"To":[145],"address":[146],"limitations,":[148],"we":[149],"suggest":[150],"design":[151],"approaches":[152],"supported":[153],"by":[154],"prior":[155],"evidence,":[156],"including":[157],"enhanced":[158],"ground":[159],"textures,":[160],"full-body":[161],"avatars,":[162],"optimal":[164],"calibration":[165],"procedures,":[166],"all":[167],"which":[169],"can":[170],"enhance":[171,194],"realism":[173],"VR.":[175,204],"provides":[178],"comprehensive":[180],"account":[181],"actionable":[191],"realism,":[196],"providing":[197],"guidance":[199],"future":[201],"studies":[202],"using":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
