{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413803515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","title":"Efficacy of virtual reality in pediatric burn patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Efficacy of virtual reality in pediatric burn patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413803515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101466599","display_name":"Zijing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7522-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096186","display_name":"The Fifth People's Hospital of Anyang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ty48v44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102412","display_name":"Yan'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dyr7034","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengbing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital, Ya\u2019an, China","Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital, Ya\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101488820","display_name":"Hao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-2387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096186","display_name":"The Fifth People's Hospital of Anyang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ty48v44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102412","display_name":"Yan'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dyr7034","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital, Ya\u2019an, China","Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital, Ya\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhuxu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096186","display_name":"The Fifth People's Hospital of Anyang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ty48v44","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102412","display_name":"Yan'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dyr7034","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital, Ya\u2019an, China","Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital, Ya\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339574","display_name":"Song Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-4669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116929","display_name":"82th Hospital of Pla","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddfy797","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, The 945th Hospital of the PLA, Ya\u2019an, China","Department of Pediatrics, The 945th Hospital of the PLA, Ya'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, The 945th Hospital of the PLA, Ya\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, The 945th Hospital of the PLA, Ya'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100339574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116929"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.5481,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60369004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12860","display_name":"Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7593649625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.6521970629692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strictly-standardized-mean-difference","display_name":"Strictly standardized mean difference","score":0.5980405807495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.5777382850646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.5393649339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.5350623726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cochrane-library","display_name":"Cochrane Library","score":0.534964382648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.49834561347961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.47526973485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.45989400148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.44491755962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distress","display_name":"Distress","score":0.4354407787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.27693623304367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1302410364151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.08622854948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.08162054419517517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7593649625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6521970629692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28804328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623693","display_name":"Strictly standardized mean difference","level":3,"score":0.5980405807495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5777382850646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5393649339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.5350623726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.534964382648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.49834561347961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.47526973485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.45989400148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.44491755962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.4354407787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27693623304367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1302410364151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.08622854948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.08162054419517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a88d8607ecfb407fb96468c03c4f2129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a88d8607ecfb407fb96468c03c4f2129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 6 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1651695/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413803515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413803515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155847945","https://openalex.org/W1510600515","https://openalex.org/W1915415527","https://openalex.org/W1979861933","https://openalex.org/W2008656842","https://openalex.org/W2021626201","https://openalex.org/W2068692900","https://openalex.org/W2110274100","https://openalex.org/W2154298260","https://openalex.org/W2170775746","https://openalex.org/W2330552061","https://openalex.org/W2743716701","https://openalex.org/W2906748324","https://openalex.org/W2954972306","https://openalex.org/W3021403143","https://openalex.org/W3022599003","https://openalex.org/W3112575670","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W3159909319","https://openalex.org/W3174088274","https://openalex.org/W3175000297","https://openalex.org/W3209992943","https://openalex.org/W3211040763","https://openalex.org/W4282929168","https://openalex.org/W4282942722","https://openalex.org/W4292478883","https://openalex.org/W4293866504","https://openalex.org/W4294440117","https://openalex.org/W4298326336","https://openalex.org/W4311495402","https://openalex.org/W4322753412","https://openalex.org/W4376871467","https://openalex.org/W4380988543","https://openalex.org/W4382992938","https://openalex.org/W4385689601","https://openalex.org/W4386807665","https://openalex.org/W4387428405","https://openalex.org/W4390919555","https://openalex.org/W4401289182","https://openalex.org/W4401359110","https://openalex.org/W4403048717","https://openalex.org/W4403878463","https://openalex.org/W4406083746","https://openalex.org/W4407952341","https://openalex.org/W4409023597","https://openalex.org/W4409905956","https://openalex.org/W4410615797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132486660","https://openalex.org/W2189666756","https://openalex.org/W4226102228","https://openalex.org/W4387711306","https://openalex.org/W4365509913","https://openalex.org/W3150219210","https://openalex.org/W3090321217","https://openalex.org/W2066106280","https://openalex.org/W3152971952","https://openalex.org/W4200530210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives":[0],"Burn":[1],"care":[2,38,65,70,214],"procedures":[3,66,187],"cause":[4],"significant":[5,139],"pain":[6,77,147,264],"and":[7,14,51,79,90,265],"anxiety":[8,167,267],"in":[9,67,268],"children,":[10],"often":[11],"hindering":[12],"recovery":[13],"rehabilitation.":[15],"Virtual":[16],"reality":[17],"(VR)":[18],"distraction":[19,62],"therapy":[20],"offers":[21],"a":[22,160,180,247,259],"promising":[23],"non-pharmacological":[24],"approach.":[25],"This":[26],"meta-analysis":[27],"synthesizes":[28],"evidence":[29],"on":[30,262],"the":[31,72,125],"efficacy":[32],"of":[33,53,95,120],"VR":[34,61,143,163,189,202,227,257],"compared":[35,211],"to":[36,154,174,197,212,222,241],"standard":[37,213],"for":[39,55],"pediatric":[40,269],"burn":[41,64,272],"patients.":[42],"Methods":[43],"We":[44],"systematically":[45],"searched":[46],"PubMed,":[47],"Embase,":[48],"Cochrane":[49,126],"Library,":[50],"Web":[52],"Science":[54],"randomized":[56],"controlled":[57],"trials":[58],"(RCTs)":[59],"evaluating":[60],"during":[63,186,232],"children.":[68],"Standard":[69],"was":[71,122],"comparator.":[73],"Primary":[74],"outcomes":[75,82],"included":[76,83],"intensity":[78],"anxiety.":[80],"Secondary":[81],"physiological":[84,184],"distress":[85],"(heart":[86],"rate),":[87],"procedural":[88,146,166],"time,":[89],"functional":[91],"improvement":[92],"(active":[93],"range":[94],"motion":[96],"-":[97],"ROM).":[98],"Data":[99],"were":[100,204],"pooled":[101],"using":[102,124],"random-effects":[103],"models,":[104],"calculating":[105],"standardized":[106],"mean":[107,111],"differences":[108,112],"(SMDs)":[109],"or":[110],"(MDs)":[113],"with":[114,188,206,271],"95%":[115,151,171,194,219,238],"confidence":[116],"intervals":[117],"(CIs).":[118],"Risk":[119],"bias":[121],"assessed":[123],"RoB":[127],"2":[128],"tool.":[129],"Results":[130],"Sixteen":[131],"RCTs":[132],"met":[133],"inclusion":[134],"criteria.":[135],"Meta-analysis":[136],"demonstrated":[137],"statistically":[138],"benefits":[140],"favoring":[141],"VR:":[142],"significantly":[144,164,207,228],"reduced":[145,165],"(SMD":[148,168,235],"=":[149,169,191,216,236],"\u22120.92,":[150],"CI:":[152,172,195,220,239],"\u22121.21":[153],"\u22120.63;":[155],"p":[156,176,199,224,243],"<":[157,177,200,225,244],"0.001),":[158,178,245],"indicating":[159,179,246],"large":[161,181],"effect.":[162,182,249],"\u22121.05,":[170],"\u22121.42":[173],"\u22120.68;":[175],"Lower":[183],"arousal":[185],"(MD":[190,215],"\u22128.72":[192],"bpm,":[193],"\u221212.35":[196],"\u22125.09,":[198],"0.001).":[201,226],"interventions":[203],"associated":[205],"shorter":[208],"procedure":[209],"durations":[210],"\u22123.24":[217],"min,":[218],"\u22125.01":[221],"\u22121.47;":[223],"improved":[229],"active":[230],"ROM":[231],"rehabilitation":[233],"sessions":[234],"0.76,":[237],"0.41":[240],"1.11;":[242],"moderate-to-large":[248],"Conclusion":[250],"Findings":[251],"from":[252],"this":[253],"study":[254],"indicate":[255],"that":[256],"has":[258],"positive":[260],"effect":[261],"alleviating":[263],"reducing":[266],"patients":[270],"injuries.":[273],"Systematic":[274],"Review":[275],"Registration":[276],"PROSPERO":[277],"(CRD420251058930).":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}