{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409067378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","title":"The impact of human agents on spatial navigation and knowledge acquisition in a virtual environment","display_name":"The impact of human agents on spatial navigation and knowledge acquisition in a virtual environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409067378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069020635","display_name":"Tracy S\u00e1nchez Pacheco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tracy S\u00e1nchez Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116872149","display_name":"Melissa Sarria Mosquera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Sarria Mosquera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115561312","display_name":"Kaya G\u00e4rtner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaya G\u00e4rtner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082776048","display_name":"Vincent Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-1355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029981367","display_name":"Debora Nolte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0246-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debora Nolte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005503465","display_name":"Sabine U. K\u00f6nig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5981-2025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine U. K\u00f6nig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086183865","display_name":"Gordon Pipa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-2652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Pipa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024328042","display_name":"Peter K\u00f6nig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-5267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter K\u00f6nig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069020635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":4.4985,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9422379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5146697163581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4597471356391907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5146697163581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4597471356391907}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8232e0f2ac4b48df89f7ede2809e1af7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8232e0f2ac4b48df89f7ede2809e1af7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 6 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1497237/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G151615469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRK 2340","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5189368492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRK 234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6437910696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"57440921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","funder_display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8330397625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Funding","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409067378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409067378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197849275","https://openalex.org/W1585013154","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1985682182","https://openalex.org/W1990665959","https://openalex.org/W2012364225","https://openalex.org/W2032743424","https://openalex.org/W2047084856","https://openalex.org/W2119513713","https://openalex.org/W2133286583","https://openalex.org/W2134946452","https://openalex.org/W2142210174","https://openalex.org/W2145839404","https://openalex.org/W2156954346","https://openalex.org/W2161187155","https://openalex.org/W2295172840","https://openalex.org/W2376839289","https://openalex.org/W2503659697","https://openalex.org/W2522381559","https://openalex.org/W2607416176","https://openalex.org/W2760232954","https://openalex.org/W2765123421","https://openalex.org/W2775362420","https://openalex.org/W2783352106","https://openalex.org/W2888811754","https://openalex.org/W2892096542","https://openalex.org/W2898431593","https://openalex.org/W2908242661","https://openalex.org/W2917273505","https://openalex.org/W2954619137","https://openalex.org/W2955729713","https://openalex.org/W3016946841","https://openalex.org/W3033789106","https://openalex.org/W3039505794","https://openalex.org/W3047114056","https://openalex.org/W3112811988","https://openalex.org/W3165093051","https://openalex.org/W4200084409","https://openalex.org/W4225097789","https://openalex.org/W4233445581","https://openalex.org/W4282932313","https://openalex.org/W4309646944","https://openalex.org/W4367052576","https://openalex.org/W4400406287","https://openalex.org/W6606794165","https://openalex.org/W6637951223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concepts":[0],"of":[1,8,33,37,97,164],"spatial":[2,41,54,110,177],"navigation":[3],"rest":[4],"on":[5,74],"the":[6,17,31,35,65,95,98,125,148,184],"idea":[7],"landmarks,":[9],"which":[10],"are":[11,26],"immobile":[12],"features":[13,191],"or":[14,23,94],"objects":[15,22],"in":[16,52,196],"environment.":[18],"However,":[19,101],"behaviorally":[20],"relevant":[21],"fellow":[24],"humans":[25],"often":[27],"mobile.":[28],"This":[29],"raises":[30],"question":[32],"how":[34],"presence":[36],"human":[38,62],"agents":[39,68,83,102,135,152,167,175],"influences":[40],"exploration":[42,49,66,87,92,178],"and":[43,50,103,127,139,153,189],"knowledge":[44,172,199],"acquisition.":[45,173,200],"Here,":[46],"we":[47],"investigate":[48],"performance":[51,138],"subsequent":[53],"tasks":[55],"within":[56],"a":[57,70,193],"virtual":[58],"environment":[59],"containing":[60],"numerous":[61],"avatars.":[63],"In":[64,130],"phase,":[67],"had":[69],"locally":[71],"limited":[72],"effect":[73],"navigation.":[75],"They":[76],"prompted":[77],"participants":[78,120],"to":[79,124],"revisit":[80],"locations":[81],"with":[82,183],"during":[84],"their":[85,122],"initial":[86],"without":[88],"significantly":[89,169],"altering":[90],"overall":[91],"patterns":[93],"extent":[96],"area":[99],"covered.":[100],"buildings":[104,117,126],"competed":[105],"for":[106,134],"visual":[107,144],"attention.":[108],"When":[109],"recall":[111],"was":[112],"tested,":[113],"pointing":[114,132,159],"accuracy":[115,133],"toward":[116,147],"improved":[118],"when":[119],"directed":[121,146],"attention":[123,145,181],"nearby":[128],"agents.":[129],"contrast,":[131],"showed":[136],"weaker":[137],"did":[140],"not":[141],"benefit":[142],"from":[143],"adjacent":[149],"building.":[150],"Contextual":[151],"incongruent":[154],"agent-environment":[155],"pairings":[156],"further":[157],"enhanced":[158],"accuracy,":[160],"revealing":[161],"that":[162],"violations":[163],"expectations":[165],"by":[166,179],"can":[168],"shape":[170],"navigational":[171,198],"Overall,":[174],"influenced":[176],"directing":[180],"locally,":[182],"interaction":[185],"between":[186],"agent":[187],"salience":[188],"environmental":[190],"playing":[192],"key":[194],"role":[195],"shaping":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}