{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396900199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","title":"Advancing prosociality in extended reality: systematic review of the use of embodied virtual agents to trigger prosocial behaviour in extended reality","display_name":"Advancing prosociality in extended reality: systematic review of the use of embodied virtual agents to trigger prosocial behaviour in extended reality","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396900199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052249294","display_name":"Mamehgol Yousefi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mamehgol Yousefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102940718","display_name":"Stephanie Elena Crowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6821-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Elena Crowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031506993","display_name":"Simon Hoermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Hoermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104300241","display_name":"Mos Sharifi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41125697","display_name":"AgResearch","ror":"https://ror.org/0124gwh94","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mos Sharifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41125697"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044439702","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Romera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-3364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41125697","display_name":"AgResearch","ror":"https://ror.org/0124gwh94","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Romera","raw_affiliation_strings":["AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41125697"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012307714","display_name":"Ahmad Shahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Shahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089644604","display_name":"Thammathip Piumsomboon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5870-9221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thammathip Piumsomboon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052249294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":3.6986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93036402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13841","display_name":"Psychology of Social Influence","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.8641583919525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","score":0.8591158986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.711772620677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.45912206172943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3361761271953583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28670138120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.27261871099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06734016537666321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.8641583919525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.8591158986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.711772620677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45912206172943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3361761271953583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28670138120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.27261871099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06734016537666321}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:radar.gsa.ac.uk:10724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://radar.gsa.ac.uk/view/creators/2118.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196496","display_name":"RADAR (Glasgow School of Art)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119511950","host_organization_name":"Glasgow School of Art","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119511950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d48b6002e9a64ad2be53de2d4044b5c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d48b6002e9a64ad2be53de2d4044b5c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 5 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.canterbury.ac.nz:10092/107114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10092/107114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401103","display_name":"University of Canterbury Research Repository (University of Canterbury)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","host_organization_name":"University of Canterbury","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1386460/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396900199.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136732505","https://openalex.org/W1168264388","https://openalex.org/W1528102079","https://openalex.org/W1607813805","https://openalex.org/W1761079102","https://openalex.org/W1853322427","https://openalex.org/W1902712743","https://openalex.org/W1969005113","https://openalex.org/W1986119901","https://openalex.org/W1988840588","https://openalex.org/W2005210865","https://openalex.org/W2025707879","https://openalex.org/W2031108002","https://openalex.org/W2039263403","https://openalex.org/W2044237036","https://openalex.org/W2051033444","https://openalex.org/W2061879244","https://openalex.org/W2065815384","https://openalex.org/W2066743737","https://openalex.org/W2100372777","https://openalex.org/W2110472749","https://openalex.org/W2110805852","https://openalex.org/W2115989071","https://openalex.org/W2117398432","https://openalex.org/W2119076486","https://openalex.org/W2128485257","https://openalex.org/W2139346079","https://openalex.org/W2153148122","https://openalex.org/W2161374186","https://openalex.org/W2164205904","https://openalex.org/W2165136898","https://openalex.org/W2167030552","https://openalex.org/W2213637170","https://openalex.org/W2319819018","https://openalex.org/W2338891144","https://openalex.org/W2358067289","https://openalex.org/W2498283586","https://openalex.org/W2513011479","https://openalex.org/W2528300703","https://openalex.org/W2569812262","https://openalex.org/W2619924362","https://openalex.org/W2734633677","https://openalex.org/W2737997568","https://openalex.org/W2754425142","https://openalex.org/W2755034274","https://openalex.org/W2756038645","https://openalex.org/W2769521703","https://openalex.org/W2793046731","https://openalex.org/W2797784986","https://openalex.org/W2806284750","https://openalex.org/W2807286721","https://openalex.org/W2888849277","https://openalex.org/W2889792718","https://openalex.org/W2895844696","https://openalex.org/W2897875497","https://openalex.org/W2941222959","https://openalex.org/W2944941530","https://openalex.org/W2947743843","https://openalex.org/W2979986826","https://openalex.org/W2996446982","https://openalex.org/W3016361480","https://openalex.org/W3026768994","https://openalex.org/W3030031737","https://openalex.org/W3046256918","https://openalex.org/W3047473810","https://openalex.org/W3083749081","https://openalex.org/W3092923622","https://openalex.org/W3102598907","https://openalex.org/W3109657217","https://openalex.org/W3113397980","https://openalex.org/W3122723182","https://openalex.org/W3122867100","https://openalex.org/W3163281515","https://openalex.org/W3182221256","https://openalex.org/W3186640111","https://openalex.org/W3186867991","https://openalex.org/W3189647032","https://openalex.org/W3194934044","https://openalex.org/W3198410700","https://openalex.org/W3201122004","https://openalex.org/W4205463391","https://openalex.org/W4205759850","https://openalex.org/W4210458093","https://openalex.org/W4220939631","https://openalex.org/W4224228623","https://openalex.org/W4224244616","https://openalex.org/W4225115390","https://openalex.org/W4225145829","https://openalex.org/W4235819089","https://openalex.org/W4281619428","https://openalex.org/W4285058091","https://openalex.org/W4292825932","https://openalex.org/W4297237762","https://openalex.org/W4307905192","https://openalex.org/W4308101960","https://openalex.org/W4308435295","https://openalex.org/W4309505467","https://openalex.org/W4310445609","https://openalex.org/W4312249488","https://openalex.org/W4324149921","https://openalex.org/W4362677687","https://openalex.org/W4362704001","https://openalex.org/W4367662701","https://openalex.org/W4384305779","https://openalex.org/W4386616339","https://openalex.org/W4388624005","https://openalex.org/W4396832252","https://openalex.org/W6637842802","https://openalex.org/W6642782002","https://openalex.org/W6662565521","https://openalex.org/W6674801848","https://openalex.org/W6700881742","https://openalex.org/W6734298409","https://openalex.org/W6741155633","https://openalex.org/W6771924795","https://openalex.org/W6778742832","https://openalex.org/W6809677636","https://openalex.org/W6809915807","https://openalex.org/W6810110272","https://openalex.org/W6810137254","https://openalex.org/W6816948266","https://openalex.org/W6824111898","https://openalex.org/W6838874362","https://openalex.org/W6846604882","https://openalex.org/W6847186570","https://openalex.org/W6848014842","https://openalex.org/W6858292145","https://openalex.org/W6866832996","https://openalex.org/W6996049273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W3184787772","https://openalex.org/W2800889318","https://openalex.org/W603013573","https://openalex.org/W3210550035","https://openalex.org/W2484597701","https://openalex.org/W3126513265","https://openalex.org/W2968319171","https://openalex.org/W2010073985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attention":[0],"has":[1],"increasingly":[2],"been":[3],"focused":[4,102],"on":[5,48,71,103],"the":[6,29,42,76,96,113,168,175],"potential":[7,154],"of":[8,26,32,56,83,99,115,118,129,177],"Extended":[9],"Reality":[10],"(XR)":[11],"and":[12,34,75,81,139,145,170],"Embodied":[13],"Virtual":[14],"Agents":[15],"(EVAs)":[16],"to":[17,61,95,122,157,166],"significantly":[18],"influence":[19,47],"human":[20,72],"behaviour.":[21,125,160],"While":[22],"an":[23],"expanding":[24],"body":[25],"literature":[27,43],"explores":[28],"individual":[30],"impacts":[31],"XR":[33,138,186],"EVAs,":[35],"there":[36,151],"is":[37,60,152,164],"a":[38,91],"noticeable":[39],"gap":[40],"in":[41,52,85,136,185],"regarding":[44],"their":[45,68],"combined":[46],"eliciting":[49],"prosocial":[50,73,124,143,159],"behaviour":[51,74,144],"humans.":[53],"The":[54],"purpose":[55],"this":[57,63],"systematic":[58,88],"review":[59,89,148],"explore":[62],"intersection,":[64],"offering":[65],"insights":[66],"into":[67],"multifaceted":[69],"effects":[70],"implications":[77],"for":[78,155,181],"future":[79],"research":[80,163],"development":[82],"EVAs":[84,104,156,184],"XR.":[86],"Our":[87,147],"adopted":[90],"scoping":[92],"approach":[93],"due":[94],"limited":[97],"number":[98],"studies":[100,132],"directly":[101],"(i.e.,":[105],"autonomously":[106],"computer-controlled":[107],"entities).":[108],"Despite":[109],"this,":[110],"we":[111],"observed":[112],"use":[114],"various":[116],"forms":[117],"virtual":[119],"characters":[120],"(VCs)":[121],"elicit":[123],"An":[126],"in-depth":[127],"analysis":[128],"15":[130],"selected":[131],"indicates":[133],"complex":[134],"patterns":[135],"how":[137],"VCs":[140],"affect":[141],"users\u2019":[142],"interactions.":[146],"suggests":[149],"that":[150,173],"promising":[153],"promote":[158],"However,":[161],"further":[162],"necessary":[165],"identify":[167],"design":[169],"interaction-related":[171],"attributes":[172],"enhance":[174],"effectiveness":[176],"these":[178],"technologies,":[179],"particularly":[180],"socially":[182],"interactive":[183],"environments.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
