{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391541367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","title":"Interactions with virtual therapists during motor rehabilitation in immersive virtual environments: a systematic review","display_name":"Interactions with virtual therapists during motor rehabilitation in immersive virtual environments: a systematic review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391541367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102940718","display_name":"Stephanie Elena Crowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6821-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Elena Crowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052249294","display_name":"Mamehgol Yousefi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamehgol Yousefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002167751","display_name":"Bahareh Shahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bahareh Shahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089644604","display_name":"Thammathip Piumsomboon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5870-9221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thammathip Piumsomboon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031506993","display_name":"Simon Hoermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Hoermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Product Design, Faculty of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102940718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":3.4125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92507414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.6216669678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5285771489143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5237462520599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47721296548843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4469805359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3620603382587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2102692425251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1538023054599762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.6216669678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5285771489143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5237462520599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47721296548843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4469805359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3620603382587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2102692425251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1538023054599762}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:radar.gsa.ac.uk:10703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://radar.gsa.ac.uk/view/creators/2118.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196496","display_name":"RADAR (Glasgow School of Art)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119511950","host_organization_name":"Glasgow School of Art","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119511950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4849f63de48148ffb0d6a7bc0089f9b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4849f63de48148ffb0d6a7bc0089f9b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 5 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.canterbury.ac.nz:10092/106850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10092/106850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401103","display_name":"University of Canterbury Research Repository (University of Canterbury)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","host_organization_name":"University of Canterbury","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1284696/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391541367.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591743112","https://openalex.org/W658527023","https://openalex.org/W795206771","https://openalex.org/W1538738521","https://openalex.org/W1540272586","https://openalex.org/W1825580592","https://openalex.org/W1967226251","https://openalex.org/W1973128864","https://openalex.org/W1979847571","https://openalex.org/W1999169391","https://openalex.org/W2001133629","https://openalex.org/W2005501262","https://openalex.org/W2029420814","https://openalex.org/W2032460643","https://openalex.org/W2040401300","https://openalex.org/W2040680107","https://openalex.org/W2044661514","https://openalex.org/W2051562699","https://openalex.org/W2051652848","https://openalex.org/W2055370651","https://openalex.org/W2057596908","https://openalex.org/W2063570943","https://openalex.org/W2065610641","https://openalex.org/W2067865542","https://openalex.org/W2078574393","https://openalex.org/W2091927416","https://openalex.org/W2109173514","https://openalex.org/W2110186936","https://openalex.org/W2111988841","https://openalex.org/W2127573900","https://openalex.org/W2132990399","https://openalex.org/W2135432568","https://openalex.org/W2135838445","https://openalex.org/W2148794849","https://openalex.org/W2150454725","https://openalex.org/W2180140423","https://openalex.org/W2193128047","https://openalex.org/W2194753935","https://openalex.org/W2287199118","https://openalex.org/W2301393146","https://openalex.org/W2346795597","https://openalex.org/W2499299062","https://openalex.org/W2499991167","https://openalex.org/W2537172765","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2567382360","https://openalex.org/W2568906881","https://openalex.org/W2606763521","https://openalex.org/W2725088392","https://openalex.org/W2731760558","https://openalex.org/W2743166123","https://openalex.org/W2754693522","https://openalex.org/W2768070103","https://openalex.org/W2768169700","https://openalex.org/W2786973165","https://openalex.org/W2792522806","https://openalex.org/W2796391149","https://openalex.org/W2895512862","https://openalex.org/W2910379276","https://openalex.org/W2914482064","https://openalex.org/W2945101678","https://openalex.org/W2947148718","https://openalex.org/W2955603202","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2973312954","https://openalex.org/W2993499121","https://openalex.org/W3014736783","https://openalex.org/W3015292766","https://openalex.org/W3037243784","https://openalex.org/W3085294580","https://openalex.org/W3092558103","https://openalex.org/W3093655582","https://openalex.org/W3105398898","https://openalex.org/W3108212339","https://openalex.org/W3110767064","https://openalex.org/W3112737165","https://openalex.org/W3152994393","https://openalex.org/W3154736008","https://openalex.org/W3159192083","https://openalex.org/W3159856293","https://openalex.org/W3161591670","https://openalex.org/W3185133653","https://openalex.org/W3186867991","https://openalex.org/W3203130017","https://openalex.org/W3206741026","https://openalex.org/W4205463391","https://openalex.org/W4225523406","https://openalex.org/W4234938199","https://openalex.org/W4293778617","https://openalex.org/W4295135118","https://openalex.org/W4308842742","https://openalex.org/W4311329469","https://openalex.org/W4312474963","https://openalex.org/W6632448417","https://openalex.org/W6641001172","https://openalex.org/W6683268542","https://openalex.org/W6740492060","https://openalex.org/W6742196910","https://openalex.org/W6744250046","https://openalex.org/W6745953434","https://openalex.org/W6762272287","https://openalex.org/W6771608551","https://openalex.org/W6799293702","https://openalex.org/W6846205958","https://openalex.org/W6848127789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3000714840","https://openalex.org/W2065866188","https://openalex.org/W2468580946","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W2064410155","https://openalex.org/W2258092894","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Virtual":[1],"Reality":[2],"applications":[3],"for":[4,46,88,112,214],"rehabilitation":[5,114,216],"are":[6,64,135],"increasing":[7],"in":[8,42,66,108,163,222,239,248],"popularity.":[9],"In":[10],"traditional":[11],"as":[12,14],"well":[13],"virtual":[15,38,44,68,72,89,95,106,110,133,212,243,250],"rehabilitation,":[16],"the":[17,58,67,71,78,103,146,156,159,180,240,249],"guidance":[18,87],"of":[19,80,211,242],"an":[20],"occupational":[21],"therapist":[22,39,73,90,157,232],"through":[23],"physical":[24],"and":[25,61,74,77,123,202,204,231,245,260,263],"verbal":[26],"interaction":[27],"is":[28,84],"often":[29,136],"required.":[30],"Several":[31],"studies":[32,126,168,225],"have":[33],"attempted":[34],"to":[35,52,85,144,158,192,218,226],"implement":[36],"a":[37,197],"or":[40,151],"assistant":[41],"immersive":[43,94,109],"environments":[45,111],"rehabilitation.":[47],"Objective:":[48],"This":[49],"research":[50],"aims":[51],"systematically":[53,101],"review":[54],"these":[55],"studies,":[56],"understanding":[57],"therapist\u2019s":[59,147],"role":[60],"how":[62,70],"they":[63],"represented":[65],"environment,":[69],"patient":[75,160,230,265],"interact":[76],"experience":[79],"users.":[81],"Our":[82],"goal":[83],"provide":[86],"implementations":[91],"into":[92],"fully":[93],"reality":[96],"environments.":[97],"Method:":[98],"The":[99,166,209],"researchers":[100],"reviewed":[102],"literature":[104],"on":[105,229],"therapists":[107,134,201,213,244,259],"motor":[113,215],"(protocol":[115],"prospectively":[116],"registered":[117],"with":[118,129,175],"PROSPERO":[119,273],"ID:":[120],"CRD42022357369).":[121],"Results":[122],"Conclusion:":[124],"Seven":[125],"were":[127,169],"identified,":[128],"findings":[130],"showing":[131],"that":[132,139],"human-like":[137],"avatars":[138],"guide":[140],"patients,":[141],"requiring":[142],"them":[143],"mimic":[145],"movements.":[148],"Visual,":[149],"haptic,":[150],"one-direction":[152],"audio":[153],"feedback":[154],"from":[155,200,258],"was":[161,237],"provided":[162],"five":[164,176],"studies.":[165],"selected":[167],"all":[170],"newly":[171],"developed":[172,178],"custom-made":[173],"systems,":[174],"systems":[177,253],"using":[179],"same":[181],"game":[182],"engine.":[183],"Studies":[184],"carrying":[185],"out":[186],"user":[187,194,233],"testing":[188],"utilised":[189],"several":[190],"methods":[191],"understand":[193],"experience,":[195],"evidencing":[196],"positive":[198],"attitude":[199],"motivated":[203],"satisfied":[205],"patients.":[206],"Future":[207,252],"Research:":[208],"roles":[210],"needs":[217],"be":[219],"explored":[220],"further":[221],"rigorous":[223],"empirical":[224],"gather":[227],"data":[228],"experience.":[234],"Considerable":[235],"potential":[236],"identified":[238],"development":[241],"therapeutic":[246],"alliance":[247],"environment.":[251],"should":[254],"reduce":[255],"manual":[256],"input":[257],"include":[261],"personalisation":[262],"individualised":[264],"feedback.":[266],"Systematic":[267],"Review":[268],"Registration:":[269],"[":[270],"https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=357369":[271],"],":[272],"ID":[274],"[CRD42022357369].":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}