{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391316879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","title":"Privacy threats of behaviour identity detection in VR","display_name":"Privacy threats of behaviour identity detection in VR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391316879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048273221","display_name":"Dilshani Kumarapeli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilshani Kumarapeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103055216","display_name":"Sungchul Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-7767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungchul Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Game Design and Development, Kennesaw State University, Georgia, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Game Design and Development, Kennesaw State University, Georgia, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010587031","display_name":"Robert W. Lindeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-7701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Lindeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048273221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":3.0015,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91941767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6814572811126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5736154317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5003528594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-theft","display_name":"Identity theft","score":0.43750569224357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3942524492740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.35628634691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3545945882797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34119611978530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1594265103340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.15436232089996338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6814572811126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5736154317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5003528594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522325796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471880","display_name":"Identity theft","level":2,"score":0.43750569224357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3942524492740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.35628634691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3545945882797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34119611978530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1594265103340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.15436232089996338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1eb0de437d24541a3e7eade93174801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1eb0de437d24541a3e7eade93174801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 5 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391316879.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W429766147","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W2037394591","https://openalex.org/W2066932506","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2129905915","https://openalex.org/W2150000966","https://openalex.org/W2278298932","https://openalex.org/W2335819971","https://openalex.org/W2785355036","https://openalex.org/W2789140566","https://openalex.org/W2793827260","https://openalex.org/W2805804251","https://openalex.org/W2885379862","https://openalex.org/W2898843852","https://openalex.org/W2903757287","https://openalex.org/W2908463829","https://openalex.org/W2958285686","https://openalex.org/W2963797127","https://openalex.org/W3004004481","https://openalex.org/W3011999141","https://openalex.org/W3092961702","https://openalex.org/W3118320412","https://openalex.org/W3124751734","https://openalex.org/W3125253952","https://openalex.org/W3127185310","https://openalex.org/W3160088999","https://openalex.org/W3160723273","https://openalex.org/W3162266527","https://openalex.org/W3163818328","https://openalex.org/W3177698136","https://openalex.org/W3214044705","https://openalex.org/W4200383058","https://openalex.org/W4200535623","https://openalex.org/W4224211778","https://openalex.org/W4224236909","https://openalex.org/W4229821605","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4241144816","https://openalex.org/W6682419803","https://openalex.org/W6703700774","https://openalex.org/W6755970841","https://openalex.org/W6795417943","https://openalex.org/W6804240324","https://openalex.org/W6805506593","https://openalex.org/W6810181823","https://openalex.org/W6810769669","https://openalex.org/W7029281147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011339062","https://openalex.org/W3123950995","https://openalex.org/W2751243624","https://openalex.org/W2045079835","https://openalex.org/W1574707610","https://openalex.org/W1607060163","https://openalex.org/W190551093","https://openalex.org/W2942100977","https://openalex.org/W4254194148","https://openalex.org/W4206350200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,9,23,50,68,79,112,118,145,177,186],"potential":[4],"privacy":[5,69,188],"risks":[6,70],"associated":[7],"with":[8,40,138,149,171],"use":[10],"of":[11,25,44,54,71,81,115,120,144,189],"behavioural":[12,55,187],"data":[13,56],"as":[14,94,96],"an":[15],"identification":[16],"mechanism":[17],"in":[18,132],"immersive":[19,38],"VR":[20,27,87,190],"applications.":[21],"With":[22],"advent":[24],"modern":[26],"technology,":[28],"tracking":[29],"sensors":[30],"are":[31],"now":[32],"able":[33],"to":[34,85,105,161,184],"provide":[35],"a":[36,41,128,154],"highly":[37],"experience":[39],"high":[42],"level":[43],"user":[45,129],"agency,":[46],"significantly":[47],"increasing":[48],"both":[49],"amount":[51],"and":[52,59,92,148],"richness":[53],"being":[57],"collected":[58],"recorded.":[60],"However,":[61],"there":[62],"has":[63],"been":[64],"little":[65],"research":[66],"into":[67],"such":[72],"approaches.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"work,":[76],"we":[77],"investigate":[78],"capability":[80],"machine":[82],"learning":[83],"algorithms":[84],"identify":[86],"users":[88,100,116,159],"across":[89,141],"multiple":[90,142],"sessions":[91,143],"activities,":[93],"well":[95],"their":[97,103,164],"effectiveness":[98],"when":[99,152,158],"deliberately":[101,162],"change":[102],"behaviour":[104],"evade":[106],"detection.":[107],"We":[108],"also":[109],"examine":[110],"how":[111],"physical":[113],"characteristics":[114],"impact":[117],"accuracy":[119,140,151],"these":[121],"algorithms.":[122],"Our":[123],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126],"once":[127],"is":[130],"tracked":[131],"VR,":[133],"they":[134,166],"can":[135,167],"be":[136,169],"identified":[137],"83%":[139],"same":[146],"activity":[147],"80%":[150],"performing":[153],"different":[155],"task.":[156],"Even":[157],"attempt":[160],"obfuscate":[163],"behaviour,":[165],"still":[168],"recognised":[170],"78%":[172],"accuracy.":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"highlight":[176],"need":[178],"for":[179],"more":[180],"robust":[181],"technical":[182],"measures":[183],"safeguard":[185],"users.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
