{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385714426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","title":"Who is Alyx? A new behavioral biometric dataset for user identification in XR","display_name":"Who is Alyx? A new behavioral biometric dataset for user identification in XR","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385714426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026157532","display_name":"Christian R\u00e4ck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0022-0711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Rack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084977292","display_name":"Tamara Fernando","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055318021","display_name":"Murat Yalcin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-9205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Yalcin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054225034","display_name":"Andreas Hotho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-5772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Hotho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Chair, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Chair, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069021763","display_name":"Marc Erich Latoschik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-9600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Erich Latoschik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Group, Informatik, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026157532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":2055,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2216},"fwci":10.4975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98226631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7504752278327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.748839259147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7431536316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7281400561332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.7269400358200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6427176594734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5044158697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4580584466457367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4494481086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.43881574273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4362085163593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3312118351459503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16049310564994812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7504752278327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.748839259147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7431536316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7281400561332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.7269400358200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6427176594734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5044158697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4580584466457367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4494481086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.43881574273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4362085163593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3312118351459503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16049310564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2308.03788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03788","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.03788","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de:35397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-353979","pdf_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/35397/frvir-04-1272234.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401635","display_name":"Online Publication Service of W\u00fcrzburg University (W\u00fcrzburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","host_organization_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbb8fab8e3ec4e5b8d5ace5c7c4b47e5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbb8fab8e3ec4e5b8d5ace5c7c4b47e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 4 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1272234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385714426.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W2335819971","https://openalex.org/W2793827260","https://openalex.org/W2795428663","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2903757287","https://openalex.org/W2997309279","https://openalex.org/W3005890490","https://openalex.org/W3009385801","https://openalex.org/W3013688454","https://openalex.org/W3025972484","https://openalex.org/W3028219535","https://openalex.org/W3097335564","https://openalex.org/W3160678577","https://openalex.org/W3160723273","https://openalex.org/W3160773084","https://openalex.org/W3164612304","https://openalex.org/W3167954725","https://openalex.org/W4224035735","https://openalex.org/W4224236909","https://openalex.org/W4224238047","https://openalex.org/W4236175481","https://openalex.org/W4285596585","https://openalex.org/W4288057757","https://openalex.org/W4318606177","https://openalex.org/W4321172744","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6682419803","https://openalex.org/W6703700774","https://openalex.org/W6744302420","https://openalex.org/W6765537545","https://openalex.org/W6772159164","https://openalex.org/W6774717684","https://openalex.org/W6775341171","https://openalex.org/W6778135391","https://openalex.org/W6795139304","https://openalex.org/W6795417943","https://openalex.org/W6798460214","https://openalex.org/W6809885388","https://openalex.org/W6810081293","https://openalex.org/W6810769669","https://openalex.org/W6840157977","https://openalex.org/W6840667253","https://openalex.org/W6907995434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230197055","https://openalex.org/W4296749040","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"addresses":[3],"the":[4,16,36,107,113,139],"need":[5],"for":[6,45,98,126],"reliable":[7],"user":[8,99,131,148],"identification":[9,100,149],"in":[10,21,129,138,147,154],"Extended":[11],"Reality":[12],"(XR),":[13],"focusing":[14],"on":[15,40,106,112],"scarcity":[17],"of":[18,66,96],"public":[19],"datasets":[20],"this":[22],"area.":[23],"Methods:":[24],"We":[25],"present":[26],"a":[27,64,93,124,135],"new":[28],"dataset":[29,53,117],"collected":[30],"from":[31,63],"71":[32],"users":[33],"who":[34],"played":[35],"game":[37],"\u201cHalf-Life:":[38],"Alyx\u201d":[39],"an":[41],"HTC":[42],"Vive":[43],"Pro":[44],"45":[46],"min":[47,103],"across":[48],"two":[49,74],"separate":[50],"sessions.":[51],"The":[52,89,116],"includes":[54],"motion":[55],"and":[56,83,110,121,151],"eye-tracking":[57],"data,":[58],"along":[59],"with":[60],"physiological":[61],"data":[62],"subset":[65],"31":[67],"users.":[68],"Benchmark":[69],"performance":[70],"is":[71,118],"established":[72],"using":[73],"state-of-the-art":[75],"deep":[76],"learning":[77],"architectures,":[78],"Convolutional":[79],"Neural":[80],"Networks":[81],"(CNN)":[82],"Gated":[84],"Recurrent":[85],"Units":[86],"(GRU).":[87],"Results:":[88],"best":[90],"model":[91],"achieved":[92],"mean":[94],"accuracy":[95],"95%":[97],"within":[101],"2":[102],"when":[104],"trained":[105],"first":[108],"session":[109],"tested":[111],"second.":[114],"Discussion:":[115],"freely":[119],"available":[120],"serves":[122],"as":[123],"resource":[125],"future":[127],"research":[128],"XR":[130,155],"identification,":[132],"thereby":[133],"addressing":[134],"significant":[136],"gap":[137],"field.":[140],"Its":[141],"release":[142],"aims":[143],"to":[144],"facilitate":[145],"advancements":[146],"methods":[150],"promote":[152],"reproducibility":[153],"research.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
