{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382294546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","title":"Effects of congruity on the state of user presence in virtual environments: Results from a breaching experiment","display_name":"Effects of congruity on the state of user presence in virtual environments: Results from a breaching experiment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382294546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088668135","display_name":"Tiernan J. Cahill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-9192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiernan J. Cahill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Emerging Media Studies, College of Communication, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Emerging Media Studies, College of Communication, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077672688","display_name":"James J. Cummings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-2634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Cummings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Emerging Media Studies, College of Communication, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Emerging Media Studies, College of Communication, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088668135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":1.2104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79870085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7512792944908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6470959186553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illusion","display_name":"Illusion","score":0.6422479748725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6367467045783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5965208411216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5855101943016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5690251588821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5457172393798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.510206937789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4725358784198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.44923973083496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44906654953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36292266845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.09775635600090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.071952223777771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7512792944908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6470959186553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.6422479748725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6367467045783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5965208411216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5855101943016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5690251588821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5457172393798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.510206937789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4725358784198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.44923973083496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44906654953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36292266845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.09775635600090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.071952223777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56f5128c38364c438b14847348ac017e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56f5128c38364c438b14847348ac017e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 4 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2023.1048812/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382294546.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620987794","https://openalex.org/W1550641242","https://openalex.org/W1988332051","https://openalex.org/W1992740911","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W1995474267","https://openalex.org/W2013972917","https://openalex.org/W2031138422","https://openalex.org/W2042955620","https://openalex.org/W2059100041","https://openalex.org/W2080230984","https://openalex.org/W2086084081","https://openalex.org/W2086187882","https://openalex.org/W2092733865","https://openalex.org/W2110597623","https://openalex.org/W2115117731","https://openalex.org/W2116728882","https://openalex.org/W2132468430","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2139295150","https://openalex.org/W2145839404","https://openalex.org/W2158435382","https://openalex.org/W2172146914","https://openalex.org/W2323057193","https://openalex.org/W2337746509","https://openalex.org/W2582805484","https://openalex.org/W2624637168","https://openalex.org/W3014288141","https://openalex.org/W3157293797","https://openalex.org/W3185624915","https://openalex.org/W4205317502","https://openalex.org/W4225001003","https://openalex.org/W4283588903","https://openalex.org/W4313372315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291311298","https://openalex.org/W2378021067","https://openalex.org/W2347703439","https://openalex.org/W2371027582","https://openalex.org/W3155461201","https://openalex.org/W3163372222","https://openalex.org/W2049514986","https://openalex.org/W3196787553","https://openalex.org/W2898552957","https://openalex.org/W3034807830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,159],"present":[1],"study":[2,160],"investigates":[3],"how":[4],"the":[5,15,31,39,58,65,95,109,117,122,144,183],"user":[6,154,184],"state":[7,123],"of":[8,17,23,33,38,53,70,85,97,100,111,124,146,169],"presence":[9,50,125],"is":[10,25,126,187],"affected":[11],"by":[12],"contingencies":[13],"in":[14,51,57,90,131,152,156,174],"design":[16],"virtual":[18,66,92,132,157,172],"environments.":[19,133,158],"theoretical":[21,137],"framework":[22],"congruity":[24,71,130],"herein":[26],"explicated,":[27],"which":[28,45],"builds":[29],"upon":[30,128],"concept":[32],"plausibility":[34],"illusion":[35],"as":[36,140],"one":[37],"essential":[40],"prerequisites":[41],"for":[42,171,182],"presence,":[43],"and":[44,48,61,74,80,113,149,167],"systematically":[46],"explains":[47],"predicts":[49],"terms":[52],"alignment":[54],"between":[55],"schemata":[56],"user\u2019s":[59],"memory":[60],"stimuli":[62],"presented":[63],"within":[64],"environment.":[67],"Three":[68],"dimensions":[69],"are":[72],"explicated":[73],"discussed:":[75],"sensory":[76,112],",":[77,79],"environmental":[78,114],"thematic":[81,129],".":[82],"A":[83],"series":[84],"breaching":[86],"experiments":[87,105],"were":[88,106],"conducted":[89],"a":[91,178],"environment":[93],"testing":[94],"effects":[96,110],"each":[98],"dimension":[99],"incongruity":[101],"on":[102],"presence.":[103],"These":[104],"inconclusive":[107],"regarding":[108],"congruity;":[115],"however,":[116],"results":[118],"strongly":[119],"suggest":[120],"that":[121,175,186],"contingent":[127],"This":[134],"finding":[135],"has":[136,162],"significance":[138],"insofar":[139],"it":[141,176],"points":[142],"towards":[143],"necessity":[145],"considering":[147],"genre":[148],"cultural":[150],"context":[151],"predicting":[153],"states":[155],"also":[161],"practical":[163],"relevance":[164],"to":[165],"designers":[166],"developers":[168],"content":[170],"reality":[173],"identifies":[177],"critical":[179],"psychological":[180],"consideration":[181],"experience":[185],"absent":[188],"from":[189],"existing":[190],"models.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
