{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092715873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","title":"Experimental Inducibility of Supernumerary Phantom Limbs: A Series of Virtual Reality Experiments","display_name":"Experimental Inducibility of Supernumerary Phantom Limbs: A Series of Virtual Reality Experiments","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092715873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","mag":"3092715873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034479308","display_name":"Niclas Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1244","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2531-4727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niclas Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024671341","display_name":"Arbnor Berisha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6525-308X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6525-308X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arbnor Berisha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002060209","display_name":"David Anders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-3644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-3644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Anders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018729007","display_name":"Kyra Kannen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-6906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-6906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyra Kannen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051551554","display_name":"Silke Lux","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silke Lux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064307817","display_name":"Alexandra Philipsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-518X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-518X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Philipsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034479308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"apc_paid":{"value":826,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":890},"fwci":0.3546,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67946487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-ownership","display_name":"sense of ownership","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-hand-illusion","display_name":"virtual hand illusion","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodiment","display_name":"embodiment","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-mounted-displays","display_name":"head-mounted displays","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisensory-integration","display_name":"multisensory integration","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.8143306970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5893951058387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780610479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644068","display_name":"Supernumerary","level":2,"score":0.4586176872253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172467417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1670397","display_name":"Neurocognitive","level":3,"score":0.4232245087623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4031812846660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36444395780563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3602711856365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2995590567588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2664799392223358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25261247158050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2153639793395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.19590574502944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1564951241016388}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.00012/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324900","display_name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092715873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092715873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147916915","https://openalex.org/W1507928738","https://openalex.org/W1950864686","https://openalex.org/W1973064158","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1980002329","https://openalex.org/W1981864412","https://openalex.org/W1994259251","https://openalex.org/W2005787743","https://openalex.org/W2007340169","https://openalex.org/W2008778470","https://openalex.org/W2022424636","https://openalex.org/W2030857838","https://openalex.org/W2046622454","https://openalex.org/W2046624418","https://openalex.org/W2048775522","https://openalex.org/W2056491697","https://openalex.org/W2058933822","https://openalex.org/W2061340574","https://openalex.org/W2061360146","https://openalex.org/W2062968990","https://openalex.org/W2068463747","https://openalex.org/W2071534288","https://openalex.org/W2073824956","https://openalex.org/W2075585362","https://openalex.org/W2082302771","https://openalex.org/W2101482073","https://openalex.org/W2102967616","https://openalex.org/W2105629774","https://openalex.org/W2120339204","https://openalex.org/W2121835564","https://openalex.org/W2131979409","https://openalex.org/W2132745139","https://openalex.org/W2140313855","https://openalex.org/W2142851600","https://openalex.org/W2144408839","https://openalex.org/W2148203610","https://openalex.org/W2148544865","https://openalex.org/W2152758580","https://openalex.org/W2164942343","https://openalex.org/W2340637843","https://openalex.org/W2556514586","https://openalex.org/W2795819985","https://openalex.org/W2858643988","https://openalex.org/W2887018414","https://openalex.org/W3013235802","https://openalex.org/W3088646063","https://openalex.org/W3163146294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185423717","https://openalex.org/W2560983496","https://openalex.org/W2020610906","https://openalex.org/W2011260154","https://openalex.org/W2277826541","https://openalex.org/W2123461383","https://openalex.org/W2315917474","https://openalex.org/W3080605978","https://openalex.org/W2050928772","https://openalex.org/W2290211399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supernumerary":[0],"phantom":[1],"limb":[2,30,49,101,336],"(SPL)":[3],"is":[4,50,123,324],"a":[5,98,117,146,181,197,223,240,259,281,307,316],"rare":[6],"neuropsychiatric":[7,59],"syndrome,":[8],"under":[9,303,318],"which":[10,72,106,156],"patients":[11],"perceive":[12],"more":[13],"limbs":[14],"than":[15,234],"they":[16],"anatomically":[17],"possess":[18],"(e.g.":[19],"two":[20,107],"instead":[21],"of":[22,145,183,196,200,211,226,229,242,252,275,284,309,322],"only":[23,239,325],"one":[24,44,47,328],"right":[25],"arm).":[26],"Remarkably,":[27],"the":[28,92,114,128,132,143,194,203,232,272,290],"concurrent":[29],"percepts":[31,337],"can":[32,168,177,311],"thereby":[33,124],"differ":[34],"in":[35,84,105,148],"respect":[36],"to":[37,113,314,340],"their":[38,61],"primarily-experienced":[39],"modality,":[40],"for":[41,271],"instance,":[42],"that":[43,301,333],"kinesthetic":[45],"and":[46,81,127,163,187,214,277,286],"moving":[48],"experienced.":[51],"Although":[52],"SPLs":[53],"are":[54,111,338],"well":[55],"documented":[56],"after":[57],"various":[58],"conditions,":[60,306],"neurocognitive":[62],"pathomechanisms":[63],"still":[64],"remain":[65],"elusive.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"an":[68,216],"experimental":[69,305],"paradigm":[70],"by":[71,91,155,180,209,215,343],"such":[73],"aberrant":[74],"body":[75],"misperceptions":[76],"could":[77],"be":[78,88,169,178,312,341],"transiently":[79],"induced":[80,170,179,289],"systematically":[82,207],"investigated":[83],"healthy":[85],"participants":[86,243,310],"would":[87],"helpful.":[89],"Inspired":[90],"virtual":[93,99,109,121,204,236,256,329],"hand":[94,122],"illusion,":[95],"we":[96,141],"developed":[97],"supernumerary":[100],"illusion":[102],"(SLI)":[103],"version,":[104],"embodiable":[108],"hands":[110,205,257],"presented":[112,125],"participant":[115],"via":[116],"head-mounted":[118],"display.":[119],"One":[120],"medially":[126],"other":[129],"laterally":[130],"aside":[131],"participant\u2019s":[133],"hidden":[134],"real":[135],"hand.":[136,330],"Using":[137],"this":[138],"general":[139],"setup,":[140],"examined":[142],"inducibility":[144,195],"SLI":[147,166,261,265,292],"three":[149],"consecutive":[150],"experiments:":[151,247],"Experiment":[152,173,188],"1":[153],"explored":[154],"induction":[157,185],"type":[158],"(visuotactile":[159],"congruency,":[160,279],"visuothermal":[161,278,285],"congruency":[162,192,288],"visuomotor":[164],"congruency)":[165],"experiences":[167],"most":[171,319],"robustly,":[172],"2":[174],"whether":[175],"SLIs":[176],"combination":[182],"these":[184],"types,":[186],"3":[189],"how":[190],"visuoproprioceptive":[191,287],"influences":[193],"SLI.":[198],"Sense":[199],"ownership":[201,230,253,323],"towards":[202,231,254,327],"was":[206,269],"assessed":[208],"means":[210],"experience":[212,315],"sampling":[213],"implicit":[217],"electrodermal":[218],"embodiment":[219],"measure.":[220],"Results":[221],"reveal":[222],"robust":[224],"effect":[225],"stronger":[227],"sense":[228,251,321],"medially-":[233],"laterally-presented":[235],"hand,":[237],"while":[238],"subgroup":[241],"(on":[244],"average,":[245],"across":[246],"~25%)":[248],"reported":[249],"concomitant":[250],"both":[255],"(i.e.":[258],"full-blown":[260],"experience).":[262],"The":[263],"highest":[264],"responder":[266,293],"rate":[267,294],"(~63%)":[268],"observed":[270],"combined":[273,282],"application":[274,283],"visuotactile":[276],"whereas":[280],"lowest":[291],"(~4%).":[295],"In":[296],"conclusion,":[297],"our":[298,344],"study":[299],"demonstrates":[300],"although":[302],"specific":[304],"majority":[308],"made":[313],"SLI,":[317],"conditions":[320],"experienced":[326],"This":[331],"indicates":[332],"multiple":[334],"type-identical":[335],"avoided":[339],"co-instantiated":[342],"brain,":[345],"wherever":[346],"possible.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
