{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130410535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","title":"Simulating the integration and regulation of human Ia and Ib reflexes on a musculoskeletal robot driven by pneumatic artificial muscles","display_name":"Simulating the integration and regulation of human Ia and Ib reflexes on a musculoskeletal robot driven by pneumatic artificial muscles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130410535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41789160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014968068","display_name":"Junqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017407981","display_name":"Ryu Takahashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryu Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101426990","display_name":"Yiqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0091-3307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001865929","display_name":"Yelin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yelin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075511006","display_name":"Koh Hosoda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koh Hosoda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014968068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242","https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11024093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1741690","last_page":"1741690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.40459999442100525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.40459999442100525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.34790000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflex","display_name":"Reflex","score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-integration","display_name":"System integration","score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.2994000017642975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83974742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179405","display_name":"Reflex","level":2,"score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988484212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43471","display_name":"Human arm","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309766","display_name":"Rehabilitation robotics","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195512701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454731","display_name":"Withdrawal reflex","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780832504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183041","display_name":"Stretch reflex","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41789160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41789160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d98e5daaef4844bd900ab24427b09ece","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d98e5daaef4844bd900ab24427b09ece","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12957152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12957152/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2026.1741690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130410535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130410535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203724693","https://openalex.org/W1675839706","https://openalex.org/W1970082439","https://openalex.org/W1976670750","https://openalex.org/W2005927408","https://openalex.org/W2053743860","https://openalex.org/W2070184318","https://openalex.org/W2075665491","https://openalex.org/W2093947385","https://openalex.org/W2109925510","https://openalex.org/W2124880969","https://openalex.org/W2153649932","https://openalex.org/W2156174987","https://openalex.org/W2616102980","https://openalex.org/W2765837012","https://openalex.org/W2931675577","https://openalex.org/W3125795670","https://openalex.org/W4321021826"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simulations":[0],"of":[1,55,99,108,124,137,152,159],"human":[2,56,161],"Ia":[3,57,127],"and":[4,27,58,83,128],"Ib":[5,59,129],"reflexes":[6,60],"on":[7,51,149],"a":[8,19,32,71,132],"bio-inspired":[9],"musculoskeletal":[10,72],"robot":[11,73],"driven":[12,75],"by":[13,76],"pneumatic":[14],"artificial":[15],"muscles":[16],"(PAMs)":[17],"offer":[18],"favorable":[20],"option":[21],"for":[22,134],"counteracting":[23],"disturbances":[24],"in":[25,70],"complex":[26],"dynamic":[28],"work":[29],"environments,":[30],"providing":[31,131],"solution":[33],"to":[34,44,62,94,168],"the":[35,52,96,100,106,109,116,122,135,150,156,160],"significant":[36],"computational":[37],"burdens":[38],"that":[39,164],"undermine":[40],"its":[41,113],"potential":[42],"due":[43],"PAMs'":[45],"inherent":[46],"non-linearities.":[47],"This":[48,119],"research":[49],"focuses":[50],"simultaneous":[53],"integration":[54],"(referred":[61],"as":[63,65],"double-reflex)":[64],"countermeasures":[66],"against":[67],"physical":[68],"disturbance":[69],"system":[74],"PAMs.":[77],"The":[78,142],"system's":[79],"performance":[80],"was":[81],"examined,":[82],"implementation":[84],"challenges":[85],"were":[86,91],"identified":[87],"during":[88],"experiments.":[89],"Mechanisms":[90],"then":[92],"applied":[93],"ensure":[95],"effective":[97],"functioning":[98],"integrated":[101],"reflexes.":[102],"Experimental":[103],"results":[104],"substantiated":[105],"effectiveness":[107],"double-reflex":[110],"system,":[111],"highlighting":[112],"functionality":[114],"within":[115],"robotic":[117,138],"system.":[118],"investigation":[120],"corroborates":[121],"viability":[123],"concurrently":[125],"implementing":[126],"reflexes,":[130],"reference":[133],"design":[136],"reflex":[139,171],"control":[140],"systems.":[141],"study":[143],"also":[144],"offers":[145],"some":[146],"references":[147],"based":[148],"view":[151],"signal":[153],"processing,":[154],"regarding":[155],"possible":[157],"functions":[158],"spinal":[162],"cord":[163],"might":[165],"be":[166],"necessary":[167],"perform":[169],"proper":[170],"actions.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}