{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118612062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","title":"Accuracy of robot-assisted anterior transpedicular screws in the subaxial cervical spine: an experimental study on human specimens","display_name":"Accuracy of robot-assisted anterior transpedicular screws in the subaxial cervical spine: an experimental study on human specimens","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118612062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41574200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032971201","display_name":"Lin Cong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122032169","display_name":"Xiaowei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101015","display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ycq1k13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122296924","display_name":"Xiaolu Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101015","display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ycq1k13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolu Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122275064","display_name":"Ke Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101015","display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ycq1k13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122055247","display_name":"Yajing Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101015","display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ycq1k13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068532169","display_name":"Qiang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-7533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101015","display_name":"Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ycq1k13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan United Imaging Surgical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122220559","display_name":"Yue Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122220559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":20.3928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96574756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1686350","last_page":"1686350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spine","display_name":"Cervical spine","score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice","display_name":"Clinical Practice","score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.3001999855041504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.60589998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985379065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900457","display_name":"Cervical spine","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776944266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900457","display_name":"Cervical vertebrae","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019611579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6641956","display_name":"Surgical procedures","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41574200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41574200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12819262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12819262/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1686350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983199465","https://openalex.org/W1996662720","https://openalex.org/W2004910436","https://openalex.org/W2034759433","https://openalex.org/W2067286125","https://openalex.org/W2091781212","https://openalex.org/W2128038049","https://openalex.org/W2163422308","https://openalex.org/W2185109791","https://openalex.org/W2463069568","https://openalex.org/W2524526560","https://openalex.org/W2742018094","https://openalex.org/W2809309167","https://openalex.org/W2912318807","https://openalex.org/W2919161412","https://openalex.org/W2931710447","https://openalex.org/W2962977378","https://openalex.org/W2983837201","https://openalex.org/W3089216683","https://openalex.org/W3092123750","https://openalex.org/W3215758467","https://openalex.org/W4289731539","https://openalex.org/W4290615460","https://openalex.org/W4298088970","https://openalex.org/W4315436270","https://openalex.org/W4391402193","https://openalex.org/W4396870827"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Study":[0],"Design:":[1],"Prospective":[2],"study.":[3],"Objectives:":[4],"This":[5],"study":[6],"aimed":[7],"to":[8,33,74,118],"evaluate":[9,75],"the":[10,42,55,59,99,119,155,164,177],"accuracy":[11,194],"and":[12,79,94,108,113,133,163,179,206],"safety":[13],"of":[14,46,197],"robot-assisted":[15],"anterior":[16,210],"transpedicular":[17],"screw":[18],"(ATPS)":[19],"fixation":[20,188],"in":[21,106,111,115,139,189,209],"human":[22,48],"cervical":[23,43,70,190,211],"spine":[24,28],"specimens.":[25,49],"Methods:":[26],"A":[27,78],"robotic":[29],"system":[30,66],"was":[31,51,72,135,150,158,167],"used":[32,73],"implant":[34],"thirty-six":[35],"1.2":[36],"mm":[37,82],"Kirschner":[38],"wires":[39],"(K-wires)":[40],"into":[41],"pedicles":[44],"(C4-C7)":[45],"five":[47],"Accuracy":[50],"assessed":[52],"by":[53],"comparing":[54],"planned":[56],"trajectories":[57],"with":[58,195],"actual":[60],"K-wire":[61],"positions.":[62],"The":[63,146],"Gertzbein-Robbins":[64],"classification":[65],"(GRS),":[67],"adapted":[68,120],"for":[69],"pedicles,":[71],"accuracy;":[76],"Grades":[77],"B":[80],"(<2":[81],"pedicle":[83],"breach)":[84],"were":[85,104,125,130,174],"considered":[86],"clinically":[87,142,200],"acceptable.":[88],"Secondary":[89],"metrics":[90],"included":[91],"entry":[92,156],"point":[93],"angle":[95,165],"offsets.":[96],"Results:":[97],"Of":[98],"36":[100],"K-wires":[101],"implanted,":[102],"nine":[103],"placed":[105],"C4":[107],"C6,":[109],"10":[110,128],"C5,":[112],"eight":[114],"C7.":[116],"According":[117],"GRS,":[121],"25":[122],"placements":[123,198],"(69.4%)":[124],"Grade":[126,131,136],"A,":[127],"(27.8%)":[129],"B,":[132],"one":[134],"C,":[137],"resulting":[138],"a":[140],"97.2%":[141,196],"acceptable":[143],"placement":[144],"rate.":[145],"mean":[147],"target":[148],"offset":[149,157,166],"2.29":[151],"\u00b1":[152,160,169],"1.72":[153],"mm,":[154,162],"2.47":[159],"1.57":[161],"5.67\u00b0":[168],"3.72\u00b0.":[170],"No":[171],"significant":[172],"differences":[173],"observed":[175],"between":[176],"left":[178],"right":[180],"sides":[181],"(p":[182],">":[183],"0.05).":[184],"Conclusion:":[185],"Robot-assisted":[186],"ATPS":[187],"specimens":[191],"achieved":[192],"high":[193],"rated":[199],"acceptable,":[201],"indicating":[202],"its":[203],"technical":[204],"feasibility":[205],"potential":[207],"utility":[208],"procedures.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}