{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415363170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","title":"FROG: a new people detection dataset for knee-high 2D range finders","display_name":"FROG: a new people detection dataset for knee-high 2D range finders","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415363170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41189740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000667455","display_name":"Fernando Amodeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7030-0426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95013407","display_name":"Universidad Pablo de Olavide","ror":"https://ror.org/02z749649","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Amodeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035915697","display_name":"No\u00e9 P\u00e9rez-Higueras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95013407","display_name":"Universidad Pablo de Olavide","ror":"https://ror.org/02z749649","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"No\u00e9 P\u00e9rez-Higueras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042031541","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Merino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-8647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95013407","display_name":"Universidad Pablo de Olavide","ror":"https://ror.org/02z749649","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Merino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040477311","display_name":"Fernando Caballero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-2846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95013407","display_name":"Universidad Pablo de Olavide","ror":"https://ror.org/02z749649","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Caballero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service Robotics Lab, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000667455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25927137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1671673","last_page":"1671673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6588000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4627000093460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7123000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6588000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019883945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Low resolution","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.25839999318122864}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41189740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41189740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cbf8d9245e54bbd8a110981404053ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cbf8d9245e54bbd8a110981404053ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11389824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12580528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1671673/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G121809054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2309174360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3050458260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PLEC2023-010353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5550858994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6558061132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7186414377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7282769152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRE2022-105119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8872346354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415363170.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415363170.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2010505786","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2111957821","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2499316477","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2799108620","https://openalex.org/W2803464683","https://openalex.org/W2889737406","https://openalex.org/W2904129867","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963171508","https://openalex.org/W2999968307","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3129432647","https://openalex.org/W3144974485","https://openalex.org/W3205247384","https://openalex.org/W4285117889","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4312743914","https://openalex.org/W4320041072","https://openalex.org/W4320340802","https://openalex.org/W4400111951","https://openalex.org/W6893124311","https://openalex.org/W6912180364"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"robots":[1,31],"require":[2],"knowledge":[3],"of":[4,8,30,81,139,179,226,245],"the":[5,15,62,65,132,160,164,172,207,224,235,243,246],"environment,":[6],"especially":[7],"humans":[9,21],"located":[10,56],"in":[11],"its":[12,140],"vicinity.":[13],"While":[14],"most":[16,51],"common":[17],"approaches":[18],"for":[19,32,44,72,97,137,200,252],"detecting":[20,73],"involve":[22],"computer":[23],"vision,":[24],"an":[25,249],"often":[26],"overlooked":[27],"hardware":[28],"feature":[29],"people":[33,74,98,155,181,201,237],"detection":[34,99],"are":[35,54],"their":[36],"2D":[37,102,185],"range":[38,103,186],"finders.":[39],"These":[40],"were":[41],"originally":[42],"intended":[43],"obstacle":[45],"avoidance":[46],"and":[47,64,76,83,115,157,175,192,222],"mapping/SLAM":[48],"tasks.":[49],"In":[50,89],"robots,":[52],"they":[53,68],"conveniently":[55],"at":[57,256],"a":[58,78,94,168,177,194],"height":[59],"approximately":[60],"between":[61],"ankle":[63],"knee,":[66],"so":[67],"can":[69,254],"be":[70],"used":[71],"too,":[75],"with":[77,206],"larger":[79],"field":[80],"view":[82],"depth":[84],"resolution":[85],"compared":[86,120],"to":[87,121,242],"cameras.":[88],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"present":[93],"new":[95,195],"dataset":[96,108,134],"using":[100],"knee-high":[101],"finders":[104],"called":[105],"FROG.":[106],"This":[107],"has":[109],"greater":[110],"laser":[111,141],"resolution,":[112],"scanning":[113],"frequency,":[114],"more":[116,150,154,257],"complete":[117],"annotation":[118],"data":[119,210,216],"existing":[122],"datasets":[123],"such":[124],"as":[125],"DROW":[126,144],"(Beyer":[127],"et":[128],"al.,":[129],"2018).":[130],"Particularly,":[131],"FROG":[133,173],"contains":[135],"annotations":[136],"100%":[138],"scans":[142],"(unlike":[143],"which":[145],"only":[146],"annotates":[147],"5%),":[148],"17x":[149],"annotated":[151],"scans,":[152],"100x":[153],"annotations,":[156],"over":[158],"twice":[159],"distance":[161],"traveled":[162],"by":[163],"robot.":[165],"We":[166,189],"propose":[167,191],"benchmark":[169],"based":[170,183],"on":[171,184],"dataset,":[174],"analyze":[176],"collection":[178],"state-of-the-art":[180],"detectors":[182],"finder":[187],"data.":[188],"also":[190],"evaluate":[193],"end-to-end":[196],"deep":[197],"learning":[198],"approach":[199],"detection.":[202],"Our":[203],"solution":[204],"works":[205],"raw":[208],"sensor":[209],"directly":[211],"(not":[212],"needing":[213],"hand-crafted":[214],"input":[215],"features),":[217],"thus":[218],"avoiding":[219],"CPU":[220],"preprocessing":[221],"releasing":[223],"developer":[225],"understanding":[227],"specific":[228],"domain":[229],"heuristics.":[230],"Experimental":[231],"results":[232,240],"show":[233],"how":[234],"proposed":[236],"detector":[238],"attains":[239],"comparable":[241],"state":[244],"art,":[247],"while":[248],"optimized":[250],"implementation":[251],"ROS":[253],"operate":[255],"than":[258],"500":[259],"Hz.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-21T00:00:00"}
