{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407613414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","title":"A comprehensive perspective on electric vehicles as evolutionary robots","display_name":"A comprehensive perspective on electric vehicles as evolutionary robots","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407613414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40034801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062089229","display_name":"Haoyang Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-2285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153393","display_name":"Geely (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0446d5v35","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Automotive Engineering Institute, Geely Holding Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Automotive Engineering Institute, Geely Holding Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101849201","display_name":"Shaolin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153393","display_name":"Geely (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0446d5v35","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaolin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Automotive Engineering Institute, Geely Holding Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Automotive Engineering Institute, Geely Holding Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101841205","display_name":"Lei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-6148"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004466303","display_name":"Ying Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-4768"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"User Digitization Department, Zeekr Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101849201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":1.4314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79441493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1499215","last_page":"1499215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7008693814277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5842683911323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.564021110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.43025654554367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.42233338952064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/status-quo","display_name":"Status quo","score":0.4213002324104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.42008188366889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-robotics","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","score":0.4150718152523041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.382377028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3732275366783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3668074607849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.123637855052948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7008693814277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5842683911323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.564021110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43025654554367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.42233338952064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.4213002324104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.42008188366889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199505168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267529","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","level":3,"score":0.4150718152523041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.382377028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3732275366783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3668074607849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.123637855052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40034801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40034801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a116e30ae15d4fd4aecd6770a0128b8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a116e30ae15d4fd4aecd6770a0128b8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11872702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11872702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1499215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119912536","https://openalex.org/W2911692934","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W3044225827","https://openalex.org/W3047488480","https://openalex.org/W3174425638","https://openalex.org/W3207696788","https://openalex.org/W4288382153","https://openalex.org/W4298325597","https://openalex.org/W4365441272","https://openalex.org/W4386071868","https://openalex.org/W4387303206","https://openalex.org/W4389559821","https://openalex.org/W4392240262","https://openalex.org/W4395028119","https://openalex.org/W4405219946","https://openalex.org/W6690901681","https://openalex.org/W6760433115","https://openalex.org/W6863100837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386106790","https://openalex.org/W2171114985","https://openalex.org/W3121336575","https://openalex.org/W3123696707","https://openalex.org/W3125950882","https://openalex.org/W4386639330","https://openalex.org/W2049953310","https://openalex.org/W4243658538","https://openalex.org/W2492394916","https://openalex.org/W2470534575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-robot":[0],"systems":[1,28],"exhibit":[2],"different":[3],"application":[4],"forms":[5],"in":[6,17,69,120,136],"human":[7],"life,":[8],"among":[9],"these,":[10],"electric":[11,168,185],"vehicles":[12,169],"(EVs)":[13],"at":[14],"rest":[15],"and":[16,34,40,62,101,158,206,229],"motion":[18],"can":[19],"be":[20,66],"perceived":[21],"as":[22,90,129,170,235],"a":[23,35,142,213],"specialized":[24],"category":[25],"of":[26,38,56,126,145,167,215,231,241],"multi-robot":[27,57],"with":[29],"increasingly":[30],"sophisticated":[31],"vehicle":[32],"functions":[33],"certain":[36],"degree":[37],"flexibility,":[39],"most":[41],"notably,":[42],"the":[43,54,146,160,165,178,188,199,204,219,227,239],"ability":[44],"to":[45,51,71,80,153,225],"iteratively":[46],"evolve.":[47],"However,":[48],"for":[49,113,209],"EVs":[50,70,234],"evolve":[52],"into":[53],"next-generation":[55],"systems,":[58],"more":[59],"complex":[60],"technical":[61],"operational":[63],"mechanisms":[64,109],"shall":[65],"fully":[67],"cultivated":[68],"develop":[72],"their":[73],"evolutionary":[74,116,180],"capabilities,":[75],"including,":[76],"but":[77],"not":[78,132],"limited":[79],"multimodal":[81],"environmental":[82],"sensing":[83],"techniques,":[84],"advanced":[85],"telematics":[86],"communication":[87],"protocols":[88],"such":[89],"5G,":[91],"Over-The-Air":[92],"(OTA)":[93],"upgrade":[94],"functions,":[95],"real-time":[96],"backend":[97],"data":[98],"lake":[99],"analytics,":[100],"user-centric":[102],"marketing":[103],"initiatives.":[104],"As":[105],"it":[106,176],"stands,":[107],"these":[108],"are":[110],"evidently":[111],"insufficient":[112],"realizing":[114],"genuine":[115],"robots":[117],"(ER),":[118],"especially":[119],"unstructured":[121],"environments.":[122],"The":[123],"overarching":[124],"perspective":[125],"conceptualizing":[127],"EV":[128],"ER":[130],"is":[131,195],"always":[133],"prominently":[134],"featured":[135],"academic":[137],"literature.":[138],"This":[139],"manuscript":[140],"provides":[141],"succinct":[143],"overview":[144],"ongoing":[147,161],"transition":[148],"from":[149],"Software-Defined":[150],"Vehicles":[151,156],"(SDV)":[152],"Artificial":[154],"Intelligence-Defined":[155],"(AIDV),":[157],"examines":[159],"research":[162,232,244],"focused":[163],"on":[164,233],"utilization":[166],"mobile":[171],"edge":[172],"computing":[173],"platforms.":[174],"Furthermore,":[175,221],"discusses":[177],"fundamental":[179],"competencies":[181],"that":[182],"define":[183],"modern":[184],"vehicles,":[186],"establishing":[187],"core":[189],"tenets":[190],"upon":[191],"which":[192],"our":[193],"analysis":[194],"predicated.":[196],"To":[197],"transcend":[198],"<i>status":[200],"quo</i>,":[201],"we":[202],"underscore":[203],"imperative":[205],"pressing":[207],"need":[208],"profound":[210],"transformations":[211],"across":[212],"spectrum":[214],"pivotal":[216],"domains":[217],"within":[218],"field.":[220],"this":[222],"endeavor":[223],"aims":[224],"amplify":[226],"reach":[228],"influence":[230],"ERs,":[236],"potentially":[237],"catalyzing":[238],"emergence":[240],"several":[242],"niche":[243],"areas.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}